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Download Lecture 3 -Fishes of Oregon 2349KB Apr 06 2009 05:53:18 AM
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Biology 450: Fish Week Lecture 3: What kind of fish are there in Oregon? Scott Heppell Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University 042 Nash Hall 737-1086, [email protected] Class Chondrichthyes The sharks, skates, and rays Order Lamniformes Family Lamnidae (5 spp) The mackerel sharks Includes the white sharks Species we might encounter • None – Salmon shark – White shark • • • • Heavy bodied, shark shaped Underslung jaw, large teeth Streamlined Crescent shaped, nearly symmetrical caudal fin • 1st dorsal and pectoral fins large • Anal fin present • Fast swimming, partly warm blooded Order Lamniformes Family Carcharinidae (32 spp) The requiem sharks Species we might encounter • None – Blue shark • • • • • Long, slender Snout narrow, pointed Large pectoral fins Dark blue back White belly Order Squaliformes Family Squalidae (10 spp) The dogfish sharks Species we might encounter • None, although spiny dogfish probably enter the bay • Small bodied, shark shaped • No anal fin • 1st dorsal entirely in front of pelvic fins • Spine at front of each dorsal fin Order Rajiformes Family Rajidae (>200 spp) The skates and rays Species we might encounter • None – Big skate – Longnose skate • Dorso-ventrally flattened • Rhomboid to circular disk (body) • Spines on disk and tail Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes Family Chimaeridae (25 spp) The ratfishes Species we might encounter • None – Spotted ratfish • • • • Short, blunt snout Rabbit-shaped head Flat crushing teeth Prominent lateral line on slippery skin • Large, triangular pectoral fin • Green eyes • White spots Class Osteichthyes The bony fishes Order Acipenseriformes Family Acipenseridae (25 spp) The sturgeons Species we might encounter • None, although green and white sturgeon do exist in Yaquina Bay • Cartilaginous skeleton • Heterocercal tail • Sub-terminal mouth – Suction feeder • 5 rows of dermal scutes • 23-30 scutes on midside – Green sturgeon • 38-48 scutes on midside – White sturgeon Order Salmoniformes Family Salmonidae (66 spp) The salmon, trout, and charr Salmonids we might encounter • Chinook salmon • Chum salmon • Coho salmon • • • • • • • • • Elongate Short dorsal mid-body Pectoral fins low Pelvic fins abdominal No fin spines Square caudal fin Fine specks on back but no spots – Chum Black spots on back and upper tail, gums white – Coho Black spots on back and whole tail, gums black – Chinook Order Salmoniformes Family Osmeridae(~11 spp) The smelts Species we might encounter • Whitebait smelt • Surf smelt • Eulachon • • • • • • • • Small, frail Adipose fin Dorsal fin short, midbody Pelvic fins abdominal Countershaded Large canine tooth – Whitebait smelt Upper jaw ends before middle of eye – Surf smelt Striations on gill cover – Eulachon Order Clupeiformes Family Clupeidae (~200 spp) The herrings and shads Species we might encounter • • • • Pacific herring Pacific sardine Threadfin shad* American shad* • • • • • • • • • • Laterally compressed Silvery, but countershaded 1 short dorsal fin Caudal fin deeply forked No adipose fin No spines No black spots – Herring 1 dark spot behind head – Threadfin shad Keeled scutes – American shad Several dark spots on upper body – Pacific sardine Order Clupeiformes Family Engraulididae (~135 spp) The anchovies Species we might encounter • Northern anchovy • Small, silvery • Long snout – Overhangs very large mouth • Upper jaw extends well past eye • Otherwise similar to herrings Order Gadiformes Family Gadidae (~75 spp) The cods Species we might encounter • Pacific cod, but not likely • • • • • • Elongate 3 dorsal fins, 2 anal fins Pelvic fins thoracic No fin spines Barbels Sub-terminal mouth Order Gadiformes Family Merlucciidae (~12 spp) The hakes Species likely to encounter • Pacific Hake, but not likely • Similar to cods • V-shaped ridge on top of head • No chin barbel • Lower jaw projects slightly Order Gobiesociformes Family Gobiesocidae (~140 spp) The clingfishes Species likely to encounter • Northern clingfish • • • • Sucking disk on breast No scales No fin spines Dorsal fin opposite anal fin, located way back • Look like tadpoles Order Atheriniformes Family Atherinidae (150 spp) The silversides Species we might encounter • Topsmelt • Jacksmelt – Yaquina Bay n’most distribution • Not to be confused with true smelts. – Have two dorsal fins and no adipose fin • Bright silver side stripe • Small mouth • No lateral line Order Gasterosteiformes Family Syngnathidae (~190 spp) The pipefishes and seahorses Species we might encounter • Bay pipefish • Encased in bony rings • Body rigid, very long and slender • Small, toothless mouth at end of tube snout Order Gasterosteiformes Family Gasterosteidae (~190 spp) The sticklebacks Species we might encounter • Threespine stickleback • Small mouth at end of tube-shaped jaw • Armored with bony plates instead of scales • 3 isolated spines before soft dorsal – 3 Spine stickleback Order Scorpaeniformes Family Scorpaenidae (~390 spp) The rockfishes and their relatives Species we might encounter • • • • • Black rockfish Copper rockfish China rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Quillback rockfish • • • • Very spiny, venomous Bass-like body Livebearers Brown to black w/mottled orange – • Yellow stripe along lateral line – • Yellowtail Black mottled w/mouth beyond eye – • China Olive to brown w/yellow tail and fins – • Quillback Black Creamy tan w/brown stripes – Copper Order Scorpaeniformes Family Cyclopteridae (~25 spp) The lumpfishes Species we might encounter • None, but they’re really cute! • Pacific spiny lumpsucker might be found in tidepool hiding inside an old large barnacle shell • Related to snailfishes • Modified pelvic fins form sucker disk • Size and shape of a golfball –globular • Covered with conical plates Order Scorpaeniformes Family Liparidae (~150 spp) The snailfishes Species likely to encounter • Lobefin snailfish • Tidepool snailfish • Marbled snailfish • Pelvic fins modified into sucking disk • Soft bodied • Dorsal and anal fin often joined to caudal fin • Similar to clingfishes Order Scorpaeniformes Family Agonidae (~50 spp) The poachers Species we might encounter • Not likely, but – Tubenose poacher – Smooth alligatorfish • Elongate • Scales fused into long bony plates w/spines • 1 dorsal fin – Smooth alligatorfish • 2 dorsal fins – Tubenose poacher Order Scorpaeniformes Family Hexagrammidae (~11 spp) The greenlings Species we might encounter • • • • Kelp greenling Rock greenling Painted greenling Lingcod • • • • • • • No spiny head Elongate body w/1 divided dorsal fin Pelvic fins thoracic Freckled reddish or blue spots – Kelp greenling Large cirrus above eye, dark bars or blotches on fins – Rock greenling 5-7 reddish bars on body – Painted greenling Large canine-like teeth – Lingcod Order Scorpaeniformes Family Cottidae (~300 spp) The sculpins Species we might encounter • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Buffalo sculpin Calico sculpin Coralline sculpin Dusky sculpin Furry sculpin Longhorn sculpin Mosshead sculpin Padded sculpin Rosylip sculpin Saddleback sculpin Scalyhead sculpin Sharpnose sculpin Smoothhead sculpin Staghorn sculpin Tidepool sculpin Brown Irish Lord Red Irish Lord Cabezon • Stout, round body • Large head w/spines, knobs, or cirri • Large, fanlike pectoral fins • Dorsal, anal fins usually long • Mostly browns, but some bright green Order Perciformes Family Embiotocidae (24 spp) The surfpurches Species we might encounter • Shiner perch • White surf perch • Redtail surfperch • Laterally compressed, elliptical • Un-notched dorsal fin • Fins reddish brown – Redtail surfperch • Silvery, black and yellow bars – Shiner perch • Black line at base of dorsal fin – White surfperch Order Perciformes Family Stichaeidae (~65 spp) The pricklebacks Species we might encounter • • • • • • Black prickleback • Eel-like Snake prickleback • All rays in dorsal fin are spiny Rock prickleback • Similar to gunnels, but High Cockscomb gunnels have a shorter Monkeyface prickleback anal fin Decorated warbonnet Order Perciformes Family Pholidae (14 spp) The gunnels Species we might encounter • • • • Rockweed gunnel Saddleback gunnel Red gunnel Penpoint gunnel • • • • • • • Eel like with long, compressed body Dorsal fin long, flexible Dorsal and anal fin join with caudal fin Saddles on back – Saddleback gunnel Single grooved spine at base of anal fin, no pelvic fins – Penpoint gunnel 2 dark bars down and back from eye – Red gunnel Uniform color from green to brown – Rockweed gunnel Order Pleuronectiformes Family Bothidae (~115 spp) The left-eyed flounders Species we might encounter • Pacific sanddab • Flat • Eyes on left side Order Pleuronectiformes Family Pleuronectidae (93 spp) The right-eyed flounders Species we might encounter • • • • Starry flounder English sole Rock sole Pacific halibut • • • • • • Flat Eyes on right side Alternating black and orange bars on fins – Starry flounder Can see upper eye from blind side – English sole Caudal fin indented, spotted – Pacific halibut Abrupt lateral line arch above pectoral fin, dorsal lateral line branch – Rock sole
