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The Romans: The Early Republic (Circa 753 BC – 140 BC) Founding of Rome o Tiber River o Romulus & Remus o April 21, 753 BC o Monarchy o Senate Council of Elders The Kingdom of Rome o Legendary Kings Romulus - Latin Numa Pompilius - Sabine Tullus Hostilius - Latin Ancus Marcius - Latin/Sabine Lucius Tarquinius Priscus - Etruscan Servius Tullius - Etruscan Lucius Tarquinius Superbus – Etruscan o Etruscan influence Clothes Insignia Alphabet Religion Fall of Monarchy o Lucius Tarquinius Superbus o Tarquin the Proud o Sextus Tarquinius o Rape of Lucretia o Res Publica – The Republic Government of the Republic o Senate o Magistrates o Consul o Imperium o Praetor o Proconsul & Propraetor o Dictator o Quaestor, Aedile, & Censor Struggle of Orders o Patrician Vs Plebian o Tribune o Hortensian Law - 287 BC o Concilium Plebis People's Assembly or General Assembly Rome Expands o Federation of Latin Tribes War with Etruscans o Gaul Sacks Rome - 390 BC o Samnite Wars – 200s BC Military reorganization Roman Legion o Greek Colonies Tarentum Pyrrhus of Epirus “Pyric Victory” o Citizenship Punic Wars o Carthage V. Rome o First Punic War 264 – 241 BC Roman Navy Sicily – First Roman Province o Corsica and Sardinia - 238 BC o Carthage in Spain Hamilcar - 237 BC Hannibal - 221 BC o Second Punic War Siege of Saguntum March over the Alps Quintus Fabius Maximus Hannibal’s Victories Trebia Lake Trasimene Cannae Publius Cornelius Scipio Battle of Zama 202 BC Decisive Battle Scipio Africanus Hellenistic Wars o 1st Macedonian War Phillip V - Macedon Second Punic War o 2nd Macedonian War Phillip V – Macedon Attempts at expansion o Roman–Syrian War Antiochus III o 3rd Macedonian War Perseus o Corinth Destroyed – 146 BC Later Struggles and Expansion o Third Punic War Marcus Cato “The Elder” Carthago delenda est Scipio Amelianus o Pergamum King Attalus III o Maccabean Revolt (against the Selucid Empire) Antiochus IV Epiphanies Mattathias the Hasmonean The Sons of Matthias – The Maccabees Judah Johnathan Simon Guerilla warfare Hanukah Maccabean / Hasmonean Dynasty