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Athletic Training Notes Unit: Foot and Ankle Injuries FYI The foot and ankle __________ the weight and _____________ force as a person walks and runs. The feet and lower legs work to maintain _____________ and adapt to various surfaces. ________ are the most common and most frequent injured joint. Preventing Foot and Ankle Injuries Taking care of the foot and ankle are essential to _________ ___________ and continuous athletic participation Preventative measure may include: o o o Ligament Injuries __________-stretching or tearing of ligaments and usually occurs as a result of trauma to a joint that is forced to the extreme of its range of movement Commonly occur at: Great-Toe Sprain Helps kick a ball, push off when _________ or ___________, and maintaining _____________ If __________ ___________ is applied to this area, _____________ can be sprained Some feel ______ causes more great-toe sprains than _________ ATC will recommend __________ When athlete returns to actions, the great-toe can be _________ and _________ to provide support and decrease pain. Arch Sprain Can be caused by _______________________, _______________________, or ______________________ Athlete will report significant _________ over the involved arch and will experience ____________ walking or running ATC will notice ___________ and come ______________ over the ____________ surface PRICE (_______________________________________________________________) An ________ _________ may relieve some of the pain Lateral and Medial Ankle Sprains ______ of ankle sprains are caused by excessive _________________ ___________ ligament is very strong compared to the ____________ ligaments and the _________ prevents severe _______________ When the ankle ____________, the _____________ ligaments are injured. _____________ depends on the amount of ______________, the amount of _______________, the type of _________, and the strength of the ______________ Athlete with an ____________ must be _____________ to determine its ________________ _______ and __________ must be removed __________ and _____________ may occur ATC will determine the ___________ based on the athlete’s ability to _________ the ankle If no ____________ in ROM or strength, athlete may be allowed to play with the ankle _____________ by a brace or tape Any ______________ in ROM will be treated with ______________ Ankle Dislocations Can occur either _____________ or ____________________ _______________ dislocation occurs when the ________ of the foot strikes the ground _______________ _______________ dislocation occurs with a _______ to the ___________ aspect of the leg while the ankle is in _______________ flexion ______________, _______________, and ___________________ will occur ATC will ________________ the lower leg and ankle, _______________________, give athlete _______, and remove athlete from _____________ Muscle and Tendon Injuries _____________ occur as a result of _________________ or putting a muscle or tendon under excessive __________________ ____________________-inflammation of a tendon Typically occurs as a result of __________________ stress Achilles Tendonitis ________________________ is the strong tendon joining the ______________________ muscle in the calf to the _________ Any sport involving repeated ____________, _______________, and _______________ may cause the cells in the tendon to break down ___________________ ATC will note ______________, _________________, and expression of __________ _________ and _________ will need to be done by the athlete Achilles Tendon Rupture Feels as if someone shot him in the _________ of the ________ leg Occurs when there is a forced _______________ of the foot, a ________ over the Achilles tendon, or a sudden forceful ______________ of the _____________________. ATC will notice _____________ and a __________________ where the tendon used to be _____________ The _______________ must be repaired ______________ Bone Injuries Direct _________ to an area and ________________ use can cause fractures Common symptoms include: ATC can _________ the injured area Athlete must go to a doctor to get __________ and a _________ 5th Metatarsal Avulsion Fracture Most common avulsion fractureAnkle is forced into ______________, the muscles ___________ forcefully to stabilize the lateral aspect of the ankle, the _____________________ tendon pulls part of the _________ away at its attachment ATC uses ___________ and refers athlete to team ______________ Epipyseal Injury of Distal Tibia and Fibula ____________-growth plates ___________ tibia and fibula epiphyses become __________ when the ankle is forced into ___________ flexion and ____________ Athlete will experience ________ and _______________ ATC will ____________ the injury and refer him to a ______________ for _____________ Possible for the ______________ to close ____________________, which will stunt __________ growth at that site Stress Fractures Most commonly occur to the ___________, ____________, and ______________ _________________ stress due to _________________ is usually the cause ____________ becomes more intense at ____________ and after the ____________________ A _________________________ can be used to verify a stress ____________________ A __________ will not show a stress fracture until _____________ after the initial ___________ when a _________ begins to form at the site Takes _____________ weeks of rest to heal Shinsplints Muscle fibers on the ____________ side of the ___________ become __________ and ________________ Athlete complains of ___________ and ______________ to run or walk properly TreatmentsRecommended to get _________________, stretching, and _____________________ Contusions _________________ Treatment-_____________ ATC may ________ on additional ______________ to protect the area Toe Abnormalities ________________________-middle joint of the toe is flexed and the joint (_________________ and ________________) is hyperextended ________________________(bunion)-pressure on toe toward the ______________ of the body at the great-toe ___________________________-nail grows into the surrounding soft tissue
