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2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Table of Contents: use hyperlink to find section. STATISTICS AND SYSTEM ACTIVITY: FINANCIAL: CAPITAL PROJECT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT: SAFETY: STAFFING AND OUTSOURCING: SUPPORT: STORM RESPONSE RELIABILITY: PRACTICES, SMART GRID AND ASSET MANAGEMENT COMMON TERMS: SUBSTATION REFURBISHMENT POLE REPLACEMENT Terms are listed alphabetically in each of the above sections of this glossary. To find the definition for a term in the questionnaire, first check the glossary pages for the section of the questionnaire where you first saw the term. If you do not find a definition there, check the common terms section. . 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition STATISTICS AND SYSTEM ACTIVITY: Average Annual MVA Load ST Average Annual Transformer Load (%) Average Transformer Loading at Peak (%) Circuit Mile/Kilometer ST Customers beyond the meter ST Delivery Point ST Distribution End-Use Customer ST Distribution Voltages ST Installed MVA Capacity ST ST, SA ST Average Annual MVA Load is the average system load on the utility’s overall distribution system for the entire year. It is calculated by summing the total load on the distribution system for every 15-minute interval of the year and dividing by the number of intervals in the year (35,040 intervals in the year). This may be calculated on an hourly basis if you only have hourly data. Average Annual MVA Load divided by the Installed MVA Capacity Peak Load MVA at Non-Coincident Peak divided by the Installed MVA Capacity Physical miles/kilometers of line multiplied by the number of circuits. For example, two miles of OH line with two circuits on the pole line is equal to four circuit miles. Include both OH and UG lines. This is focused on master-metered buildings, such as apartments, and is designed to count the number of customers who would be counted as individual customers if each unit were separately metered. The point at which power is either extracted from or injected into the transmission grid. It can be a station or a stepdown/step-up transformer bank. The point that exists to supply power to distribution or other customer stations (e.g., large industrial customers) directly served from the transmission grid. Please provide the count reported on your FERC Form 1. If you do not report to FERC, use the following definition: an entity (usually defined as a metered point of delivery) that receives electric distribution services from your company. Do not include customers connected through a different local distribution company (LDC). For purposes of this survey, we define distribution to be a voltage level above 1kV and less than 46kV. The high-end distinction is somewhat arbitrary, but picks a point between 69kV, which is generally considered a transmission (or at least sub-transmission) level and 21kV, which would generally be considered distribution. It is unrealistic to ask utilities to redefine all of their cost or reliability reporting on the basis of these definitions. However, a utility that has very different definitions may want to restate their statistics to better compare their performance. This should be the sum of the total rated capacity of all of your substation transformers at normal operating 2 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Mixed/Suburban MVA of Transmission substation capacity ST ST Megawatt Hours Sold - Retail (End Use) ST Megawatt Hours Sold - Wholesale (Sales for Resale) Megawatt Hours Wheeled (Delivered) MWh Transmitted ST MW-Miles ST MW's Generation Interconnected MW's Generation Added OH structure miles/kilometers trimmed Peak Load MVA at Non-Coincident Peak Percent of customers served from different types of distribution systems SA SA ST Definition conditions. We recognize that rated capacity may be determined in different ways by different companies. Use the number that you report in FERC Form 1. Areas with 50 to 250 customers per square mile This should include the rated MVA for both autotransformers and power transformers with transmission voltage on the low side. Use what you report in the FERC Form 1. Total Utility retail megawatt hours of electricity sold for the specific year to all retail/end-use customers. FERC Form 1, Electric Operating Revenues, page 301 – Line 10 (TOTAL Sales to Ultimate Customers), column d (YTD Annual Megawatt Hours Sold). – Line 11 ((447) Sales for Resale), column d (YTD Annual Megawatt Hours Sold)Line 11, Ferc Form 1, Electric Operating Revenues. FERC Form 1, Page 401a, Line Item 17. Add together: 1) Through-flow on your system [which is the amount of power that was imported minus the amount of power exported] 2) Power used to serve to loads. 3) Exports For each circuit, multiply the number of miles by total peak load capacity defined in megawatts; the sum of all circuits for a voltage class is the total mw-miles for voltage class. Use the transfer capacity of lines as defined in your basecase load flow for peak conditions. By year, how many MW of generation were interconnected to your transmission system, but were given only non-firm transmission service, and therefore not modeled in your base case transmission planning study (or modeled at “zero” MW)? By year, how many MW of generation were added to your base case transmission planning study? Refers to the number of OH structure miles/kilometers actually trimmed during the year being measured. The sum of all individual substation transformer peak load MVA values recorded during the year. These individual substation peak load MVA values may have occurred at different times and at times different than the time of the peak demand on the overall system Customers should be classified based on the type of local distribution primary system (overhead, URD, Underground Network, etc.) that is directly connected to the distribution transformer that serves the customer. This may or may not be the same as the type of mainline feeder that is the upstream source of power to the local distribution system. 3 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Planned / Budgeted System Peak Demand (MW) Rural Structure Mile/Kilometer ST Substations ST ST ST, SA Suburban (or Mixed/Suburban) System Peak Demand (MW) System Capacity (Nameplate Load Bus MVA) ST Transformers ST ST ST Transmission circuits ST Transmission voltages Tree ST Tree miles/kilometers managed SA Trees removed SA Trees trimmed SA SA Definition Total Utility System Peak Demand in MW that was used in Transmission Planning Studies and utilized for capital budgeting purposes for that year. Areas that have fewer than 50 customers per square mile Physical miles/kilometers of line irrespective of the number of circuits. For purposes of this survey structure miles/kilometers refers to both overhead pole miles/kilometers and underground trench miles/kilometers. See complete definition and classifications in the Common Terms section of this Glossary. For substation statistics reported in this survey, use the following additional guidelines on what should be counted: 1. For transmission substations, include those that have autotransformers as well as those that have power transformers. 2. Do not include AC/DC convertor stations 3. Do not include small, pole-mounted or pad-mounted step-down transformers which are sometimes referred to as “mini-substations” Areas with 50 to 250 customers per square mile Total actual Utility System Peak Demand in MW recorded for that year. Total Utility System Capacity based on nameplate Load Bus MVA rating. The highest namplate capacity of the distribution transformer used to directly serve load from the transmission system or the "metered interface capacity" between the transmission system and what would be considered the distribution system. See complete definition and classifications in the Common Terms section of this Glossary For substation statistics in this survey, count both Power Transformers and Autotransformers and report the number of three phase banks, not the number of individual “tanks”. For purposes of this survey, we define transmission circuits to be all circuits operated at a voltage level of 46kV or higher. Include both AC and DC circuits in your counts of transmission circuits. For purposes of this survey, we define transmission to be a voltage level of 46kV or above. You may use your own definition. A common forestry definition is a plant with minimum trunk diameter of 4". Refers to the estimated number of linear miles/kilometers of overhead lines in your entire service area that might be affected by trees. This is structure miles, not circuit miles Refers to the number of trees removed during the year being measured Refers to the number trees trimmed during the year being 4 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Urban Voltage Classes ST ST Definition measured Areas with more than 250 customers per square mile The following voltage classes are used for reporting purposes (Note: these are phase-to-phase voltages. When counting circuit miles, single phase lines should be included in the phase to phase voltage class of their three phase mainline feeder): Distribution voltage classes 5kV class = >1kV, <=9kV 15kV class = >9kV, <=15kV 25kV class = >15kV to <=26kV 35kV class = >26kV to <=36kV 44kV class = >36kV to <=44kV Transmission voltage classes <69kV 69kV class (>=69kV <100kV) 100kV class (>=100kV <200kV) 200kV Class (>=200kV <300kV) 300kV Class (>=300 kV <400 kV 400kV and above 5 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition FINANCIAL: ABC Spending: Contributions in Aid of Construction (CIAC) DF,TF ABC Spending: Expand - Capacity Additions DF,TF, FL ABC Spending: Serve New - New Substations ABC Spending: Serve New – Service Extension to New Customers DF,TF, FL ABC Spending: Sustain – Asset Retirement Costs for Transmission Plant ABC Spending: Sustain – Damage Prevention & Facility Locating TF ABC Spending: Sustain – Distribution Operations Center DF, FL ABC Spending: Sustain – Engineering/Design O&M DF,TF, FL DF,TF, FL DF, FL Money that the utility receives from external parties (individuals, businesses, government agencies, etc.) to reimburse for all or a portion of the utility’s capital expenditures to build or relocate utility facilities. These funds are subtracted from the capital cost of the new or relocated facilities when determining the rate base on which the utility may earn an approved return Capital spending on facilities to serve general load growth that is not specifically attributable to any one customer source. This spending usually occurs as a “step function”, based on planning studies which recommend specific projects to build new lines and substations or upgrade existing lines and substations in order to provide sufficient capacity to support forecasted future load growth. Capital spending on new substations or substation expansions that are needed to serve a specific new customer or a major load addition by an existing customer Capital spending to build transmission and/or distribution lines and other facilities that are needed to extend service to new customers or to support major load additions by existing customers. Do not include the costs of line transformers and meters installed at these locations. Also includes capital spending to serve new transmission interconnection points for power generators, unaffiliated distribution utilities (e.g. municipal or coop utilities) and new ties to other transmission systems. Transmission capital spending charged to FERC account 359.1 O&M Expenses associated with utility programs intended to prevent damage to utility electric distribution facilities by external parties. Includes the cost of locating and marking facilities, utility payments to state “one-call” systems and the cost of public communication programs on this specific topic, etc. The Capital spending and O&M expenses associated with a utility’s distribution operations center(s). The Distribution Operations Center O&M is most likely to be found in FERC account 581, Load Dispatching. O&M spending on general engineering and design activities such as planning studies, standards development and mapping. For Transmission Lines, this category should include costs charged to FERC account 561.8, Reliability, Planning and Standards Development Services. 6 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section ABC Spending: Sustain – Field Switching DF ABC Spending: Sustain – Inspection and Maintenance Expense DF,TF, FL ABC Spending: Sustain - Line Reldepocations DF,TF, FL ABC Spending: Sustain – Line Transformer Expenses ABC Spending: Sustain – Line Transformer Purchases ABC Spending: Sustain – Maintenance of Computers, Communications Equipment and Regional Transmission Plant) ABC Spending: Sustain – Metering Expense ABC Spending: Sustain – Meter Purchases ABC Spending; Sustain – O&M Associated with Capital Work DF ABC Spending: Sustain – Replace/Repair In Kind DF,TF, FL Definition O&M spending to perform field switching activities on distribution lines (switching outside of substations only – the cost of operating switching equipment in substations should be included in the Sustain – Substation Operations category) O&M spending on proactive programs to inspect and maintain existing T&D equipment and any corrective maintenance that may be performed other than that directly associated with service restoration. For Transmission Lines, exclude spending on maintenance of computer systems, communications equipment and miscellaneous regional transmission plant costs that are charged to FERC accounts 569.1 through 569.4 Capital spending to relocate existing transmission and distribution lines at a customer’s request or where required by government or franchise agreements. These relocation costs may or may not be reimbursed. O&M spending to test, install, repair and maintain line transformers. These costs are normally charged to FERC account 595. DF Capital spending on new or refurbished line transformers. These costs are normally charged to FERC account 368. TF, FL Transmission O&M expenses charged to FERC accounts 569.1 through 569.4 DF Distribution O&M spending to test, install, repair and maintain meters. These costs are normally charged to FERC accounts 586 and 597. Capital spending on new or refurbished meters, including advanced metering (AMI/AMR) investments. These costs are normally charged to FERC account 370. Miscellaneous distribution O&M spending that is incurred while completing distribution line capital projects. Includes the costs of installing equipment that is not a property unit and costs for adjusting or relocating existing capital property units. My also include the cost of tree trimming and brush removal work directly associated with capital projects. Capital spending to repair, refurbish or replace transmission and distribution equipment in order to keep the existing system performing as originally designed. This includes all proactive programs to replace capital equipment before it DF DF 7 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section ABC Spending: Sustain – ROW/ Vegetation Management ABC Spending: Sustain – Service Restoration DF,TF, FL ABC Spending: Sustain – Substation Operations ABC Spending; Sustain – System Improvement DF,TF ABC Spending: Sustain Transmission Operations Center TF, FL DF,TF, FL DF,TF, FL Definition fails based on observed condition, performance history, testing results or age criteria. It excludes replacement of damaged equipment that was necessary to restore service to customers after power outages (those costs should be included in the Sustain – Service Restoration category), replacements that were made as part of the process of relocating facilities (should be included in the “Sustain – Line Relocation” category), and replacements which increased the electrical capacity of the system (should be included in the “Expand – Capacity Additions” category). It also excludes capital costs of line transformers and meters that were installed to replace existing equipment. O&M spending to manage and remove vegetation around and near transmission and distribution lines, including the costs of tree trimming, right of way mowing and applications of chemicals that inhibit vegetation growth. Capital and O&M spending incurred to determine the cause of customer service interruptions and to make the repairs necessary to restore service during both normal operations and storm events, excluding only those storm events that were excluded from FERC reporting as an “Extraordinary Item” (see FERC Extraordinary Items definition in this Glossary). Do not include the cost of follow-up repairs, upgrades or replacements of damaged equipment that were performed after service was restored. Those costs should be included in either the “Sustain – Replace/Repair in Kind” category (Capital) or the “Sustain – Inspection and Maintenance” category (O&M). O&M spending to operate switching and other equipment within the substation fence. Capital spending directed at improving the reliability, efficiency and/or security of the electric T&D network including system hardening programs, worst circuit remediation programs, substation flood protection and physical security improvements, construction of ties between distribution circuits to provide more switching options, adding sectionalizers and reclosers to existing circuits, installing Distribution Automation (DA) and Substation Automation technology, etc. Do not include the cost of equipment installations which increased the electrical capacity of a system (should be included in the “Expand – Capacity Additions” category) or the costs of advanced metering (AMI/AMR) technology installed at customer sites, (those costs should be included in the “Sustain – Meter Purchases” category). The Capital spending and O&M expenses associated with the utility’s transmission operations center(s). The Transmission Operations Center O&M is most likely to be found in FERC accounts 561.1 to 561.4. 8 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Contract Labor FL Contracted Services FL Construction Work in DF, TF Progress Depreciation Expense DF, TF Direct Labor FL Extraordinary Items DF, TF FERC Distribution Lines and Substation Operation Expense DF FERC Distribution Plant in Service and Plant Additions DF Definition The cost of contract agency employees who work on company property or facilities and who are directly supervised by company employees, but who are not actually employees of the company. Also include payments to independent contractors who work under your direct supervision. The cost of work that is performed for the company by an outside firm (“outsourcer”) on a turn-key basis. See page 216, Acct 107 of FERC form 1 Account 403 Depreciation Expense, See page 336 for the break between Distribution & Transmission The costs of salaries, wages and benefits paid to company employees who are directly engaged a specific work function and who charge their time on hourly basis to that function, including those employees’ base pay, overtime pay, pension contributions, health and welfare benefits, other work-related payments and any government obligations directly related to pay. Exclude events and transactions of significant effect which were abnormal and significantly different from the ordinary and typical activities of the company, and which would not reasonably be expected to recur in the foreseeable future. To be considered as extraordinary under the above guidelines, an item should be more than approximately 10% of budgeted T&D O&M expense less exclusions already noted. (580) Operation Supervision and Engineering (581) Load Dispatching (582) Station Expenses (583) Overhead Line Expenses (584) Underground Line Expenses (585) Street Lighting and Signal System Expenses (586) Meter Expenses (587) Customer Installations Expenses (588) Miscellaneous Expenses (589) Rents The above list is directly from a FERC form and shows what is normally included in FERC. For our study, we then back out some of these items as noted in the questionnaire. Meter Reading is not included in Distribution Operation expense. These items are included in Distribution (and Distribution Substation) plant in service or plant additions. (360) Land and Land Rights (361) Structures and Improvements (362) Station Equipment (363) Storage Battery Equipment (364) Poles, Towers, and Fixtures (365) Overhead Conductors and Devices 9 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition (366) Underground Conduit (367) Underground Conductors and Devices (368) Line Transformers (369) Services (370) Meters (371) Installations on Customer Premises (372) Leased Property on Customer Premises (373) Street Lighting and Signal Systems (374) Asset Retirement Costs for Distribution Plant FERC Transmission TF Lines and Substation Maintenance Expense FERC Transmission Lines and Substation Operation Expense TF FERC Transmission Plant in Service and Plant Additions TF (568) Maintenance Supervision and Engineering (569) Maintenance of Structures (569.1) Maintenance of Computer Hardware (569.2) Maintenance of Computer Software (569.3) Maintenance of Communication Equipment (569.4) Maintenance of Miscellaneous Regional Transmission Plant (570) Maintenance of Station Equipment (571) Maintenance of Overhead Lines (572) Maintenance of Underground Lines (573) Maintenance of Miscellaneous Transmission Plant The above list is directly from a FERC form and shows what is normally included in FERC. For our study, we then back out some of these items as noted in the questionnaire. (560) Operation Supervision and Engineering (561) Load Dispatching (561.1) Load Dispatch-Reliability (561.2) Load Dispatch-Monitor and Operate Transmission System (561.3) Load Dispatch-Transmission Service and Scheduling (561.4) Scheduling, System Control and Dispatch Services (561.5) Reliability, Planning and Standards Development (561.6) Transmission Service Studies (561.7) Generation Interconnection Studies (561.8) Reliability, Planning and Standards Development Services (562) Station Expenses (563) Overhead Lines Expenses (564) Underground Lines Expenses (565) Transmission of Electricity by Others (566) Miscellaneous Transmission Expenses (567) Rents The above list is directly from a FERC form and shows what is normally included in FERC. For our study, we then back out some of these items as noted in the questionnaire. These items are included in Transmission (and Transmission Substation) plant in service or plant additions. (350) Land and Land Rights (352) Structures and Improvements (353) Station Equipment 10 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Plant In Service (Assets) Section DF, TF Tree Cutting DF, TF DF, TF Side Trimming DF, TF ROW Reclearing DF, TF Herbicide DF, TF Substation Soil Sterilant DF, TF Substation Mowing DF, TF Other ROW Costs DF, TF Danger Tree Capitalization Other ROW Costs Capitalized DF, TF DF, TF Definition (354) Towers and Fixtures (355) Poles and Fixtures (356) Overhead Conductors and Devices (357) Underground Conduit (358) Underground Conductors and Devices (359) Roads and Trails (359.1) Asset Retirement Costs for Transmission Plant FERC rules apply. Assets will be net of CIAC. Transmission right-of-way tree cutting. Cost of maintenance of right-of-way tree cutting along transmission pole line easements. Includes "danger" tree cutting. Transmission right-of-way side trimming. Includes the cost for trimming but not cut down. Transmission line acres recleared. Cost of clearing of brush on transmission rights of way floor by mechanical and/or manual methods. Transmission line acres treated. Cost of control of brush on transmission rights of way floor by use of chemical application. T&D Substation acres treated. Cost of total vegetation control, using bare-ground herbicides, of transmission & distribution substations. Number of T&D Substations mowed. Scheduled mowing of grassed portions of transmission and distribution substation lots. All other Forestry / ROW Cost not included in the activities above. Transmission danger tree cutting that is capitalized. Does not include initial clearing or ROW or substation acreage. All other Forestry / ROW Costs (other than danger tree) that were capitalized. Do not include initial clearing of ROW for new lines. 11 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition CAPITAL PROJECT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT: Earned Value CP Earned Value Management (EVM) CP Cost Performance Index (CPI) CP Schedule Performance Index (CPI) CP Walked In CP Earned Value shows how much of the budget and time should have been spent, with regard to the amount of work done so far. Earned Value Management (EVM) is a project management technique for measuring project performance and progress in an objective manor. The basic premise of EVM is that the value of a piece of work is equal to the amount of funds budgeted to complete it. As part of EVM, the following information is used to assess schedule and cost performance throughout a project: Planned Value (PV): The approved budget for the work scheduled to be completed by a specified date Earned Value (EV): The approved budget for the work actually completed by a specified date Actual cost (AC): The costs actually incurred for the work completed by a specified date The ratio of the approved budget for work completed by a specified date (EV) to the actual costs the work completed (AC) by that date. The CPI reflects the relative value of work done compared to the amount paid for it, sometimes referred to as the project’s “cost efficiency”. The ratio of the approved budget for the work completed by a specified date (EV) to the approved budget for the work scheduled to be completed by that date (PV). The SPI reflects the relative amount the project is ahead of or behind schedule, sometimes referred to as the project’s “schedule efficiency”. “Walked in” is terminology from one of our clients that refers to projects that are not in the original annual budget (usually approved prior to January 1 or sooner), but are added during the year. These added projects do not always get the same degree of planning and vetting as those that were in the original annual project. 12 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition SAFETY: Chargeable Motor Vehicle Accident SF High Risk Motor Vehicle Incident SF High Risk Motor Vehicle Incident Rate SF Medical Aid Incident SF OSHA DART Rate SF OSHA Lost Time Incident Rate SF OSHA Lost Time Severity Rate SF Any occurrence involving the use of company-owned, leased, or -rented vehicle which results in physical damage to said vehicle or the vehicle, body or property of another without regard to financial impact, regardless of whose property was damaged, who was injured or found to be cited or at fault. This definition also applies to private vehicles when used on official duty. Exceptions are as follows: - Accidents to properly and legally parked, Companyowned, leased, or rented motor vehicles Number of vehicle incidents where there is an actual or credible potential injury to workers or third parties as a result of inattention, careless behavior or reckless operation of a vehicle. This measure is calculated as follows: Total High Risk Motor Vehicle Incidents X 1,000,000 / Number of Miles Driven. An incident included in the OSHA Recordable Injury Rate calculation (see definition in this section) which required the person to be seen my a medical professional (doctor, nurse or EMT) OSHA Days Away, Restricted or Transferred (DART) case rate includes every non-fatal occupational injury or illness which involves a day away from work, a restriction of work or motion, and/or a transfer to another job. It measures the total OSHA DART cases based on the exposure of 100 fulltime workers, using 200,000 hours as the equivalent (or 100 full-time employees X 2,000 hours per employee per year). The measure is calculated as: Total of OSHA DART cases X 200,000 / Total Hours Worked. OSHA lost time incident rate includes every occupational injury or illness that results in a day away from work due and/or a fatality. It measures the total OSHA lost time injury and illness cases based on the exposure of 100 full-time workers, using 200,000 hours as the equivalent (or 100 fulltime employees X 2,000 hours per employee per year). The measure is calculated as: ((Total of OSHA lost workday cases plus fatalities) X 200,000) / Total Hours Worked. This measure includes every non-fatal occupational injury or illness which resulted in one or more days away from work. It quantifies the severity of OSHA incidents that have occurred by looking at the number of lost workdays that can be attributed to an OSHA incident, based on the exposure of 100 full-time workers (using 200,000 hours as the equivalent….or 100 full-time employees X 2,000 hours per 13 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section OSHA Recordable Injury Rate SF Preventable Motor Vehicle Accident SF Preventable Motor Vehicle Accident (PMVA) Frequency Rate Total Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) Rate SF SF Definition employee per year). The measure is calculated as: Total Lost Work Days due to OSHA recordable incidents X 200,000 / Total Exposure Hours. This measure includes every occupational death and every non-fatal occupational injury or illness which involves one or more of the following: medical treatment (beyond first aid), loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion or transfer to another job. It measures the total OSHA recordable injury and illness cases based on the exposure of 100 full-time workers, using 200,000 hours as the equivalent (or 100 full-time employees X 2,000 hours per employee per year). The measure is calculated as: Total Number of OSHA cases X 200,000 / Total Exposure Hours. Any Chargeable Motor Vehicle Accident in which the driver did not do everything reasonably possible to avoid said accident This measure is calculated as follows: Total Preventable Motor Vehicle Accidents X 1,000,000 / Number of Miles Driven. This measure is calculated as follows: Total Chargeable Motor Vehicle Accidents X 1,000,000 / Number of Miles Driven. 14 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition STAFFING AND OUTSOURCING: Absenteeism due to Illness SO Administrative Support SO Apprentice SO Asset / System Health / Reliability Capital Project Management Chargeable Work SO Contract FTE SO Contract Service SO Damage Prevention/ Facility Locating Total Number of hours coded to illness / Total number of hours coded in the system. With the result being a percentage of average number of days absent per employee per year. Employees who perform administrative and clerical work that supports the activities of Direct Labor within a specific functional area. This would include tasks such as maintaining employee records, processing timesheets and work orders, assisting supervision with personnel administration functions, maintaining absence and overtime records, maintaining files, etc. The expertise and needed to perform these administrative support tasks is interchangeable (for the most part) between functional areas. An employee working in a skilled trade occupation who is in the process of completing a formally defined program of classroom instruction, on-the-job training (OJT) and competency assessments (referred to as an “apprenticeship program”) in order to be certified as a fully competent practitioner in their trade. The apprenticeship programs may be defined and sponsored by individual employers, employer associations or joint employer and union associations. After successful completion of the apprenticeship program, the employee is advanced to journey-level status. Asset Management, System Health and Reliability engineers and support resources Include Project Managers and Program Managers, Project Contract Services, Analysts supporting Project Managers, Coordinators Time spent at the job site preparing for and performing direct work and time spent travelling to and from job sites. On employee timesheets, this time is typically charged to a specific work order. Employees of contracting agencies who work on company property or facilities and who are supervised by company employees, but who are not actually employees of the company. Also include any independent contractors who work under your direct supervision. A firm that performs work for the company on a turn-key basis. The people who perform the work are supervised by employees of the Contract Service. May also be referred to as an “Outsourcer” Employees working on the prevention of damage to utility electric distribution facilities by external parties. Includes locating and marking facilities, one-call systems and public communication programs. 15 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Damage Prevention/Facility Locating SO Direct Labor SO Distribution Operations Center (DOC) Staff Distribution Planning Distribution Shops Engineering Standards Engineering/Design Staff SO SO Field Construction Field Construction SO Field Maintenance Information Technology Joint use organization Journey-level Employee SO Definition Employees of the functional work groups that perform support functions aimed at preventing damage to electric utility facilities by external parties. Includes people who develop and conduct programs to improve public awareness of underground and overhead electric utility equipment and associated hazards and who maintain interface with state “one-call” systems, coordinate the handling of locate requests and/or actually locate and mark electric facilities, etc. Employees who are actually performing a major work function such as Field Construction and Maintenance, Engineering/Design, Vegetation Management, etc. This includes linemen, crews, electricians, mechanics, troubleshooters, engineers, designers, technicians, etc., but does not include supervisors or technical and administrative support employees who are associated with the function but who do not actually perform the function Employees of the functional work groups that run the Distribution Operations Center (see separate definition in Common section of this Glossary) Distribution planners and related support Distribution line transformer repair, etc. Engineering standards, standards development, administration, and documentation Employees of the functional work groups that engineer and design electric utility T&D facilities and those who perform general engineering and design functions such as planning studies and standards development Field construction function. Please use only time charged to construction (or make allocation) Employees of the functional work groups that construct electric utility T&D facilities including the electrical testing and relay/SCADA system maintenance functions. Field maintenance function. Maintenance Support, Construction Maintenance, Line Maintenance, Predictive, Maintenance Planner, Protection and Control Maintenance. Please use only time charged to maintenance (or make allocation) Employees of the functional work groups that design, install, test and maintain specialized computer systems used by the electric T&D organization. Do not include IT staff that support general company computer systems such as Email, Intranet, Budgeting and Financial Reporting, etc. Company employees that are working on supporting joint owned or "participation" assets via agreement between utilities. Examples wuld be joint transmissin line. Refers to employees working in a skilled trade occupation who have completed a formally defined apprenticeship program and thereby have been certified as a fully competent practitioner in their trade. These people have 16 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Labor Utilization Rate Section SO Large Capital Project Engineering Mapping and Records Meter Field Ops Meter Shop NERC Compliance Non-Chargeable Work SO OH/UG line design OH/UG service design Outsourcer Outsourcing Percent SO SO Protection, Metering, and Controls ROW and Vegetation Management Safety Smart Grid Specialization – Substation Electrician SO Definition typically been advanced to the top or “Max” pay level on the wage scale for their occupation. Time spent on Chargeable Work divided by Total Work Time [Total time spent on Chargeable Work and NonChargeable Work]. See related definitions in this section. Engineering dedicated to large capital projects Employees of functional work groups that create and maintain maps and other as-built records of the electric transmission & distribution system Meter maintenance/ installation; Field Service/ Operations Meterperson/ Specialist and Meter / Shop Tech; testing, CT, PT, meter inventory management Compliance personnel Time that employees were at work but not performing Chargeable Work (see separate definition). This includes time spent in training sessions and meetings and idle time when no work could be performed. Do not include time that employees were off work due to vacations, holidays, sick and excused absences, etc. Designers or design engineers for Overhead and Underground lines Designers or design engineers for Overhead and Underground services See “Contract Service” definition in this section The estimated percentage of the total direct labor work for a specific functional area that was performed by a turn-key Contract Service, rather than by company employees or contractor FTEs supervised by company employees. You may use different methods to estimate this outsourcing percentage such as % of total labor hours, % of total miles built, etc. Protection metering, automation controls, integration automation, relay technicians Right Of Way, Vegetation Management, Forestry, Landscaping, Special Programs. Does not include land acquisition Company employees of functional work groups that perform safety support functions specifically for the electric T&D organization including assisting with the investigation of accidents and injuries, developing and conducting safety training programs, evaluating and recommending safer tools and protective equipment, etc. Functions that are specific to and support Intelligent/Smart Grid: Grid planning, grid modernization, breaker monitoring, switching automation, data analytics for T&D, Volt-VAR technology, transformer monitoring Need definition here 17 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Substation design Substation Shop Supervision & Above SO T&D Operations Center(s) Technical Support SO Training Transmission Operations Center SO Transmission Planning Trouble / Operations Vegetation Management Work Management Systems (WMS) SO Definition Substation design engineering Substation shop personnel handling transformer, relay, communication and other repair / refurbishment. Company management employees whose primary role is to oversee and coordinate the work of Direct Labor within a functional area such as Field Construction and Maintenance, Engineering and Design, etc. Monitoring and operating the D or T system; issuing switching orders; dispatching and managing troubleshooters and crews responding to outages and other emergency conditions such as down-wires; Employees who perform more technical activities that support the work of Direct Labor within a particular functional area. This includes tasks such as laying out jobs, arranging for needed specialized tools and equipment, evaluating work methods and developing and maintaining systems, databases, policies and procedures associated with the work. The employees performing these technical support tasks have specific expertise and work experience within the particular functional area to which they are assigned. Do not include full-time work planners and schedulers or Work Management System administrators as technical support for the Field Construction/Maintenance or Engineering/Design functions. These people should be accounted for in the Work Management System (WMS) function as described below. Employees of functional work groups that develop and conduct technical training programs specifically for employees of the electric T&D organization Employees of the functional work groups that run the Transmission Operations Center (see separate definition in the Common section of this glossary) Transmission planners and related support Employees of functional work groups that have the primary roles of performing switching on the electric T&D system (both line devices and switching equipment in substations) and responding to outages, alarms and other system emergencies under the direction of the Distribution Operations Center or Transmission Operations Center. These employees may also perform inspection and minor maintenance work. Employees of the functional work groups that oversee and perform utility vegetation management functions including tree trimming, right of way mowing, etc. Employees of functional work groups that plan and schedule the work of the Field Construction and Maintenance and/or Engineering/Design Direct Labor and those who administer the Work Management Systems used by those groups 18 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Full-time Equivalent Employees (FTE) Section SO Definition Employees assigned full time to a function including Direct Labor, Supervision, Administrative Support and Technical Support. Also include partial counts for part-time employees (seasonal employees or employees who work less than 40 hours per week) and for full-time employees who split their time across different functions. · When calculating FTE value use 2080 hours per year as the denominator. 50% guideline: Include a person in a function if they spend at least 50% of their time on that function. If a person divides their time so that they don’t spend at least 50% of their time on any single function, count them in the “Other” category 19 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition SUPPORT: Inventory Fill Rate SU Inventory Turns SU Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) SU Stores Loading Rate SU Inactive Inventory SU Critical Inventory SU Calculated as quantities of SKU’s disbursed on the requested delivery date divided by the total number of SKU’s disbursed during the calendar year Calculated as annual material disbursement value divided by the monthly average material inventory value A distinct material item in inventory with a unique identifier or code. When a business takes an inventory, it counts the quantity of each SKU. A percentage added to the actual cost of a stock keeping unit (SKU) to account for the storeroom cost (storekeeper salaries, storeroom expenses, internal transportation, etc.). See the definition of FERC Acct 163. Inactive inventory includes materials that have not moved in a one to five year time period. Critical spares are inactive/rarely used assets that must be kept on hand in the event of an emergency and must be distributed to the field quickly. 20 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition STORM RESPONSE Catastrophic Storm ER Excludable Storm Event ER Hour That Peak Customer Outages Occurred Hours to Complete Restoration ER ER The time in hours that it took to restore all customers that were interrupted by a storm event measured from the Storm Start Time through the hour when the last affected customer that could receive service was restored. In House Personnel ER Line Crew Personnel ER Major Storm ER Off System Personnel ER Other Field Personnel ER Peak number of customers out (Storm Events) Significant Storm ER Company employees and contract employees who normally work on your system The total number of people in a line mechanic, line technician, service crew, troubleshooter or similar role that were deployed in the field during a storm event, either working alone or as part of a crew A Storm Event (see definition below) that resulted in sustained service interruptions to >10% up to 20% of the company’s total distribution customers. Employees of other utilities and contractors that do not normally work on your system The total number of people, other than Line Crews and Tree personnel, who were deployed in field support roles during a storm event. Includes people working as damage assessors, drivers, flaggers, crew coordinators and wiredown guards, either working alone or as part of a crew. Do not count people working in office, vehicle maintenance or storeroom roles. The peak number of simultaneous sustained customer interruptions that were recorded during a storm event Storm CAIDI ER ER A Storm Event (see definition below) that resulted in sustained service interruptions to more than 20% of the company’s total distribution customers. For the purposes of this survey, classify reported storm events as “Excludable” if the majority of restoration days would be classified as Major Event Days per IEEE Standard 1366 (2.5 beta method) The count of hours after the Storm Start Time when the peak number of sustained customer interruptions occurred A Storm Event (see definition below) that resulted in sustained service interruptions to >1% up to 10% of the company’s total distribution customers. The Customer Average Interruption Index for storm events, in minutes. Storm CAIDI = Total Customer Minutes Interrupted/Total Customers Interrupted, calculated for the full duration of storm events beginning with the hour that a storm started and extending through the hour when all 21 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Storm Event ER Storm Start Day ER Storm Start Time ER Total Customers Interrupted ER Tree Trimming Personnel ER Definition affected customers that could receive service were restored. An individual storm or closely spaced series of storms which resulted in numerous, widespread electric service interruptions. Multiple storms are typically grouped and counted as one storm event if restoration from an earlier storm was still in progress when subsequent storms occurred. The day when the first electric service interruptions caused by a storm event occurred The time (rounded to the nearest hour) when the first electric service interruptions caused by a storm event occurred. The total number of sustained customer interruptions caused by a storm event calculated on a cumulative basis throughout the duration of the event. Individual customers that may have experienced multiple sustained interruptions during a storm event should be counted multiple times. Do not count momentary interruptions. The total number of people in a tree trimming/line clearance role that were deployed in the field during a storm event, either working alone or as part of a crew 22 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition RELIABILITY: Automatic Outage (TADS) TR, SR Blue Sky Day DR CAIDI DR An outage that results from the automatic operation of switching device, causing an Element to change from an InService State to a not In-Service State. A successful AC single-pole (phase) reclosing event is not an Automatic Outage. Days when fewer than 1% of distribution customers are affected by weather-caused outages. The Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) is a reliability index commonly used by electric power utilities. It is related to SAIDI and SAIFI, and is calculated as CAIDI = sum of all customer interruption durations total number of customer interruptions SAIDI/SAIFI = CAIDI gives the average outage duration that any given customer would experience once an outage has occurred. CAIDI can also be viewed as the average restoration time Circuit Sustained Outage Frequency Mileage Adjusted TR Circuit Total Outage Frequency Mileage Adjusted TR Circuit Total Outage Frequency, Mileage Adjusted TR Customer Interruption: Acts of Public (Autos, Dig-ins, Vandalism, etc.) Customer Interruption: Animals Customer Interruption: Distribution Equipment Failure DR CAIDI is measured in units of time, typically minutes or (rarely) hours. It is usually measured over the course of a year. Formula: (Total circuit automatic Outages*100)/Total Circuit Miles Units: # of sustained outages per 100 circuit miles per year Acronym: SCOF-100Ctmi Formula: (Total circuit automatic Outages*100)/Total Circuit Miles Units: # of momentary outages per 100 circuit miles per year Acronym: MCOF-100Ctmi Formula: (Total circuit automatic Outages*100)/Total Circuit Miles Units: # of automatic outages per 100 circuit miles per year Acronym: TCOF-100Ctmi Customer interruptions caused by acts of the public, such as vehicle contact with company distribution facilities, digins, vandalism, etc. DR Customer interruptions caused by animal contacts DR Customer interruptions caused by equipment failures on the distribution system 23 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Customer Interruption: Generation Outages Customer Interruption: Lightning Customer Interruption: Major Events Customer Interruption: Other Customer Interruption: Planned Interruptions Customer Interruption: Substation Outages Customer Interruption: Transmission Outages Customer Interruption: Trees Customer Interruption: Weather related [ex. lightning] Delivery Point DR Customer interruptions caused by outages or shortage of supply on the generation system DR DR Customer interruptions caused by lightning, other than major events Customer interruptions during major events. DR All Others DR Customer interruptions due to planned (non-emergency) events DR Customer interruptions caused by outages originating "inside the substation fence" DR Customer interruptions caused by outages originating on the transmission system DR Customer interruptions caused by trees or other vegetation DR Customer interruptions caused by inclement weather, other than major events TR Element (TADS) TR, SR Element Momentary Outage Frequency TR, SR The point at which power is either extracted from or injected into the transmission grid. It can be a station or a stepdown/step-up transformer bank. The point that exists to supply power to distribution or other customer stations (e.g., large industrial customers) directly served from the transmission grid. The following are elements for which TADS data are to be collected: 1) AC Circuits>= 200kV (overhead and underground); 2) transformers with >= 200kV low side voltage; 3) AC/DC Back to back converters with >= 200kV AC voltage on both sides; 4) DC circuits with >= 200kV DC Voltage Formula: Total Momentary Outages/ Total Elements Units: # of momentary outages per element per year Acronym: MOF 1QC Variation: none Formula: Total Sustained Outage Hours/Total Elements Units: # of automatic outage hours per element per year Acronym: SODT 1QC Variation: Similar to Average circuit unavailability (aka SAIDI), but has some differences in elements and voltage levels Formula: Total Sustained Outages/ Total Elements Units: # sustained outages per element per year Acronym: SOF Element Sustained TR Outage Duration Time Element Sustained Outage Frequency TR, SR Definition 24 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Element Sustained Outage Mean Time to Repair TR Element Total Automatic Outage Frequency TR, SR IEEE Standard 1366 DR Outage cause: Animals Outage cause: Contamination – Excluding bird droppings Outage cause: Environmental TR, SR Outage cause: Failed AC Circuit Equipment TR, SR Outage cause: Failed AC Substation Equipment TR, SR Outage cause: Failed AC/DC Terminal Equipment TR, SR Outage cause: Failed DC Circuit Equipment TR, SR TR, SR TR, SR Definition 1QC Variation: none Formula: Total Sustained Outage Hours/Total Sustained Element Outages Units: # of automatic outage hours per element outage per year Acronym: MTTR 1QC Variation: Similar to average duration of an outage (aka CAIDI), but has some differences in elements and voltage levels Formula: Total Automatic Outages/ Total Elements Units: # of automatic outages per element per year Acronym: TOF 1QC variation: Similar to outage frequency with the following differences: elements definition is not quite the same as circuit (e.g. a transformer outage is counted as an outage); only applies to elements >=200 kV; excludes outages not triggered by automatic protection devices (e.g. outages initiated by the operations center, usually "planned" outages); includes momentary and sustained outages IEEE Standard 1366 has become the major guide for definitions on distribution reliability. Though not every utility follows exactly, some of the key issues identified by this standard include: • Outage duration to be considered an interruption • Definition of a major event (2.5 Beta Method) Automatic outages caused by a bird (including streamers), an animal, or contamination due to bird droppings Automatic Outages caused by contamination dust, corrosion, salt spray, industrial pollution, smog or ash. Automatic Outages caused by environmental conditions such as earth movement (including earthquake, subsidence, earth slide), flood, geomagnetic storm, or avalanche. Automatic Outages related to the failure of AC Circuit equipment, i.e., overhead or underground equipment "outside the substation fence." Automatic Outages caused by the failure of AC Substation; i.e., equipment “inside the substation fence” including Transformers and circuit breakers but excluding Protection System equipment. Automatic Outages caused by the failure of AC/DC Terminal equipment, i.e., equipment "inside the terminal fence" including PLC (power-line carrier) filters, AC filters, reactors and capacitors, Transformers, DC valves, smoothing reactors, and DC filters but excluding Protection System equipment Automatic Outages related to the failure of DC Circuit equipment "outside the terminal fence." However, include 25 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition the failure of a connecting DC bus within an AC/DC Back to-Back Converter in this category. Automatic Outages caused by the failure of Protection System equipment. Includes any relay and/or control misoperations except those that are caused by incorrect relay or control settings that do not coordinate with other protective devices. Categorize these as "Human Error". Automatic Outages caused by fire or smoke. Automatic Outages caused by foreign interference from such objects such as an aircraft, machinery, a vehicle, a train, a boat, a balloon, a kite, flying debris not caused by wind, and falling conductors from one line into another. Foreign Interference is not due to an error by a utility employee or contractor. Categorize these as “Human Error.” Automatic Outages caused by an incorrect action traceable to employees and/or contractors for companies operating, maintaining, and/or providing assistance to the Transmission Owner will be identified and reported in this category. Also, any human failure or interpretation of standard industry practices and guidelines that cause an outage will be reported in this category. Any incorrect setting of relays will is excluded from this category, and included in “Human Error – Inlcuding System Protection – Settings Outages Outage cause: Failed Protection System Equipment TR, SR Outage cause: Fire Outage cause: Foreign InterferenceExcluding birds, and animals TR, SR TR, SR Outage cause: Human Error – Excluding System Protection – Settings Outages TR, SR Outage cause: Human Error – Including System Protection – Settings Outages TR, SR Automatic Outages caused by incorrect relay settings Outage cause: Lightning TR, SR Automatic Outages caused by lightning Outage cause: Power system Condition TR, SR Outage cause: Unavailable TR, SR Outage cause: TR, SR Automatic Outages caused by power system conditions such as instability, overload trip, out-of-step, abnormal voltage, abnormal frequency, or unique system configurations (e.g. an abnormal terminal configuration due to existing condition with one breaker already out of service). Use for Sustained Outages for which either the Initiating or Sustained Cause Codes are unavailable to the Transmission Owner. If a Transmission Owner uses this code for Sustained Outages, it should be used on only one type of Cause Code (initiating or Sustained), whichever is unavailable. Automatic Outages caused by unknown causes should be 26 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Unknown Outage cause: Vandalism, Terrorism or Malicious Acts Outage cause: Vegetation Section TR, SR TR, SR Outage cause: Weather, excl. lightning TR, SR Percent MisOperation Rate for Relays SR Percentage of Elements with Zero Automatic Outages SAIDI TR, SR SAIFI DR, SR DR, SR Definition reported in this category. Automatic Outages caused by intentional activity such as shot conductors or insulators, removing bolts from structures, and bombs. Automatic Outages caused by vegetation with the following exclusions: (1) Vegetation-related outages that result from vegetation falling into lines from outside the right of way that result from natural disasters shall not be considered reportable with the Vegetation Cause Code. Examples of disasters that could create non-reportable Vegetation Cause Code outages include, but are not limited to, earthquakes, fires, tornados, hurricanes, landslides, wind shear, major storms as defined either by the Transmission Owner or an applicable regulatory body, ice storms, and floods, and (2) Vegetation-related outages due to human or animal activity shall not be considered reportable under the Vegetation Cause Code. Examples of human or animal activity that could cause a non-reportable Vegetation Cause Code outage include, but are not limited to, logging, animal severing tree, vehicle contact with tree, arboricultural activities or horticultural or agricultural activities, or removal or digging of vegetation. Outages that fall under the exclusions should be reported under another Cause Code and not the Vegetation Cause Code. Automatic Outages caused by weather such as snow, extreme temperature, rain, hail, fog, sleet/ice, wind (including galloping conductor), tornado, microburst, dust storm, and flying debris caused by wind. Formula: Number of times that protective relays did not operate correctly/Total number of times that protective relays operated or should have operated based on system conditions Formula: Total elements with Zero Automatic Outages/Total Elements Acronym: PCZO The System Average Interruption Duration Index is commonly used as a reliability indicator by electric power utilities. SAIDI is the average outage duration for each customer served, and is calculated as: SAIDI = sum of all customer interruption durations total number of customers served SAIDI is measured in units of time, often minutes or hours. It is usually measured over the course of a year. The System Average Interruption Frequency Index is commonly used as a reliability indicator by electric power utilities. SAIFI is the average outage frequency for each customer served, and is calculated as: SAIFI = sum of all customer interruptions total number of customers served SAIFI is measured in units of interruptions per customer. It 27 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition is usually measured over the course of a year. Sustained Outage (TADS) Transformer failures TR, SR Trouble Call DR Transmission Circuit Interruptions Momentary Outages TR Transmission Circuit Interruptions Sustained Outages TR Transmission Circuit Interruptions Sustained Durations SR TR An automatic outage with an outage duration of 1 minute or greater A failure is any loss of function that would require a transformer unit to be taken out of service. A diagnostic test that resulted in a planned outage would not necessarily be considered a failure. Examples: fan, tap changer, coil, bushing. For transmission transformers, this is regardless of whether they are autotransformers or power transformers A report of an electric service problem (e.g., lights out, partial lights out, light flicker) and/or an electric hazard (e.g., wire down) that the company receives from a customer or public agency and that translated into a unique work activity. This include reports received through all types of communication channels (telephone calls, IVR, Internet, etc.) but does not include repeat calls or duplicate reports about the same problem The number of Momentary Transmission Circuit Interruptions with a duration of less than 1 minute. Successive momentary operations that occur within a oneminute time interval are to be rolled up and recorded as one outage with the total duration equal to the sum of all momentaries which occured within that one minute interval. Count networked and customer lines. Count one end of a networked line. The number of Sustained Transmission Circuit Interruptions with a duration equal to or greater than 1 minute. Count networked lines until restored. Do not include planned or scheduled outages. A planned or scheduled outage is an outage that occured because the facility was planned or scheduled to be taken out of service for reasons such as routine maintenance, construction, equipment testing, by request from an external party, or for other routine operations of the facility. It is not considered a planned or scheduled outage when a facility is actively and voluntarily taken out in response to system conditions, such as instability or underfrequency; rather, this would be classified as a System Conditioncaused outage. Duration is defined as the length of time it takes to restore the facility to "pre-outage" or "design" condition, measured in minutes. The number of Minutes of Sustained Transmission Circuit Interruptions with a duration equal to or greater than 1 minute. Count networked lines until restored. Do not include planned or scheduled outages. 28 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Transmission Delivery Points Sustained Section TR Transmission Customers Interrupted Sustained TR Transmission MVA Interrupted Transmission Delivery Points Duration in Minutes TR Transmission Customers Interrupted - TR TR Definition A planned or scheduled outage is an outage that occured because the facility was planned or scheduled to be taken out of service for reasons such as routine maintenance, construction, equipment testing, by request from an external party, or for other routine operations of the facility. It is not considered a planned or scheduled outage when a facility is actively and voluntarily taken out in response to system conditions, such as instability or underfrequency; rather, this would be classified as a System Conditioncaused outage. This is the number of delivery points that encounter a sustained interruption. Per 1QCTBMG 1014, a delivery point refers to in-service transmission delivery points (the point at which power is either extracted from or injected into the transmission grid. It can be a station or a step-down/step-up transformer bank) that exist to supply power to distribution or other customer stations (e.g., large industrial customers) which are directly served from the transmission grid. NOTE: Participants may complete 1QCTBMG 2025 and/or 1QCTBMG 2026. This is the number of customers that encounter a sustained interruption. The number of customers refers to the total number of enduse customers that experienced an interruption from a particular delivery point outage (see 1QCTBMG 1014). For residental customers, use the total number of customers served from that delivery point. For commercial, industrial, or other utility end-use customers, assume each facility is one "customer". NOTE: Participants may complete 1QCTBMG 2025 and/or 1QCTBMG 2026. The MVA capacity associated with aforementioned delivery points/customers that was unavailable due to the outage. This is the total duration in minutes of delivery points that encounter a sustained interruption. Per 1QCTBMG 1014, a delivery point refers to in-service transmission delivery points (the point at which power is either extracted from or injected into the transmission grid. It can be a station or a step-down/step-up transformer bank) that exist to supply power to distribution or other customer stations (e.g., large industrial customers) which are directly served from the transmission grid. NOTE: Participants may complete 1QCTBMG 2025 and/or 1QCTBMG 2026. This is the number of delivery points that encounter a momentary interruption. 29 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Momentary Section Definition Per 1QCTBMG 1014, a delivery point refers to in-service transmission delivery points (the point at which power is either extracted from or injected into the transmission grid. It can be a station or a step-down/step-up transformer bank) that exist to supply power to distribution or other customer stations (e.g., large industrial customers) which are directly served from the transmission grid. NOTE: Participants may complete 1QCTBMG 2025 and/or 1QCTBMG 2026. 30 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition PRACTICES, SMART GRID AND ASSET MANAGEMENT ADMS (Advanced Distribution Management System) DP Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) DP, SP Cycle Time DP2 Demand Response (DR) SG Distribution Automation (DA) SG Distribution Management System (DMS) SG, DP A system that fully integrates DMS, OMS, and EMS /SCADA. It acts as a decision support system to assist the distribution system operator and field operating personnel with the monitoring and control of the electric distribution system in an optimal manner while improving safety and asset protection. A program that makes non-invasive inspections of asset condition and/or evaluates measures of asset performance to determine if maintenance tasks should be performed. Maintenance is performed after one or more indicators show that equipment is going to fail or that equipment performance is deteriorating. This is the average number of days it takes to complete a simple electric connection or design connection. (where the start time is that all customer requirements are in. and the stop time is that the electricity is flowing). The start time is when the customer submits all prerequisites and deposit is paid to the time the service is provisioned (ie., electricity starts flowing) Programs and technologies that enable the utility system to shed energy load during periods of peak consumption. Consumers typically receive cash payments or discounts from their energy provider for their willingness to shed load. The load shedding may be accomplished under the direct control of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the request of the system operator or energy provider (also see “Interruptible Load”) A family of technologies, including sensors, processors, communication networks and switches, that automatically perform or assist the distribution system operator in performing a number of critical functions to improve distribution system reliability, service quality and operational efficiency. The most common functions supported today by DA technology are automatic switching, reactive power compensation coordination and fault locating, isolation and service restoration (FLISR). A collection of computer applications used to monitor and control the electric distribution network efficiently and reliably. It acts as a decision support system to enable the distribution system operator to monitor loads, voltage and other operating parameters, locate and respond to system faults and monitor and operate switching devices and capacitor banks on the distribution 31 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Energy Management System (EMS) TP Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contracting SP, TP Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management (EPCM) Contracting SP, TP Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) SG,DP Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) SG Geographic Information System (GIS) DP Human Machine Interface (HMI) SG, SP Intelligent Grid (or Smart Grid) SG, DP Definition system. A collection of computer applications used by operators of electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize the performance of the generation and/or transmission system. This computer technology is also sometimes referred to as “EMS/SCADA”. An arrangement where a single contractor is engaged to provide engineering, procurement and construction services for a project. The project is largely contractor managed and the cost risk and control are weighted towards the EPC contractor and away from the utility. The EPC contractor either self-performs the construction work or has direct contracts with other contractors to perform the construction services. An arrangement where a contractor is engaged to provide engineering, procurement and construction management services for a project. Other companies are contracted by the utility directly to provide construction services and they are usually managed by the EPCM contractor on the utility’s behalf. The project is largely utility managed and the cost risk and control is weighted towards the utility and away from the EPCM contractor. A function of distribution automation (DA) technology that is used to locate faults on the electric distribution system and recommend device operation (or automatically operate devices) to isolate the fault and restore service to customers. FACTS is defined by the IEEE as "a power electronic based system and other static equipment that provide control of one or more AC transmission system parameters to enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability." A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. At electric utilities, a GIS is commonly used to maintain records of the geographic location of all electric T&D facilities and equipment, referenced to a land base. The system is used to produce maps and other types geographic displays and is often the system that utilities use to create and maintain an electric connectivity model that is used by their OMS and DMS systems The user interface of a mechanical system. At electric utilities, this term generally refers to computer technology through which people operate utility equipment An intelligent grid uses two-way communication. Data flows into the utility operation center from all points over the grid, including transformers, SCADA equipment, meters, street lights, traffic/security cameras, and energy 32 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Interruptible Load SG Life Cycle Costing AM Load Tap Changer (LTC) SG, SP Looped Circuit DP Network Circuit DP New Business Process DP Percent of Load That is Interruptible SG Pilot/Limited Basis Quality Management System (QMS) SP, TP Definition management units in homes or businesses. The utility can also send outgoing data streams to operate switches and other devices, deliver real-time pricing information to customer premises, connect/disconnect meters, or activate load control units. Refers to programs where utilities have contractual arrangements with consumers that permit the utility to interrupt consumer load at times of peak demand. The interruption may be accomplished by direct control of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the request of the system operator or energy provider An asset decision-making approach that considers all costs associated with owning and using an asset over its full life span including initial purchase costs, installation costs, operating costs, maintenance and upgrade costs and remaining residual or salvage value at the end of its useful life A connection point selection mechanism on the output (load) side of a power transformer winding that allows a varying number of winding turns to be selected in discrete steps. This enables stepped voltage regulation of the output as loading conditions change. The final connection to the customer is from a two-ended circuit with an open switch at or near the center, so that service may be restored manually by operating switches in case of a failure of any section of the circuit. Secondary network typical of downtown urban areas where multiple primary sources are parallel-connected on the secondary side and protected by automated switches (“network protectors”). From the initial contact and request by the new customer through to the completion/installation of the service. The request is primarily to set-up/install/connect a specific new customer at the distribution or transmission level to generate additional revenues. Does not include in-kind, reliability, or work to meet general increase in system load. Includes new meter set or major panel upgrade, extension, adding of meters to generate new business Formula: MW of load for a customer class that the utility can interrupt/shed at times of peak demand (based on contractual arrangements) divided by the total MW of load for that customer class at time of peak demand Technology implementations that currently affect 5% or fewer of the utility's distribution customers A quality management system (QMS) is a collection of business processes focused on achieving quality policy and quality objectives to meet customer requirements. It is expressed through a formal organizational structure, a set of policies and procedures and human resources specifically assigned to quality review/verification 33 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Radial Circuit DP Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) AM, SP Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) SG,SP Smart Grid Wide-spread Basis SG Definition activities Primary comes from a single source, terminating without any tie to another source. Even though the main-line primary may have ties to other main-lines, the end of the circuit at the customer has no tie. Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) is a program that uses a structured framework for analyzing the functions and potential failure modes for a physical asset with a focus on preserving system functions in a costeffective manner. RCM is used to develop scheduled maintenance plans that provide an acceptable level of operability, with an acceptable level of risk, in an efficient and cost-effective manner. A microprocessor controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the physical world to a distributed control or SCADA system. It transmits telemetry data to the control system and messages from the control system. See “Intelligent Grid” Technology implementations that affect the majority of the utility's distribution customers. 34 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition COMMON TERMS: Breakers Many Design Many Designer Many Distributed Generation (DG) Many Distributed Storage Many Distribution Operations Center Many Engineer Many Engineering Many Estimated Restoration Time (ERT) Many Estimating Many A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Design is the final application of the engineering standards or guidelines to fit each unique system need (e.g. a new service, new line, reconductored line, etc.). Complex designs can be very challenging, with substantial judgment required, and standards simply serving as a starting point, or relatively simple, where application of the relevant standard means there is relatively little judgment or creativity required. Someone with a 2-year degree, or perhaps more limited formal education, combined with job-related experience. Job duties typically involve new services or simple system elements not requiring full engineering training. Small scale power generation sources (generally in the range of 1 kW to 10,000 kW) which are connected to the electric distribution system rather than to the transmission network. Use of devices at various locations on the T&D system to store electricity for use when demand exceeds supply. Office location(s) where the following functions are performed: Monitoring and operating the distribution system; issuing switching orders; dispatching and managing troubleshooters and crews responding to outages and other emergency conditions such as downwires; Typically a person with a 4-year degree in Engineering who completes complex system designs, analyses system performance and operating problems, develops design construction and maintenance standards, etc. Engineering begins with development and maintenance of standards for use in designing individual jobs. It also includes determining the final solution to system needs, be it creation of a new line, upgrade of an existing one, or some other related choice. The estimated time when electric service will be restored after a service interruption occurs. This estimated time may be communicated to customers through a variety of communication channels This is the activity associated with forecasting the costs associated with performance of the full range of 35 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Estimator Many Facilities Many Initiative Many Outage Management System (OMS) Many Planner Many Planning Many Practice Many Primary Many Renewable Power Generation Many SCADA Many Secondary Many Definition engineering/design activity, along with the construction activity, to complete a given project. Most often someone with job-related experience, without necessarily any formal education beyond high school. A company building that serves as an office location, storeroom location and/or a location where field crews park their trucks and start and finish their day. This may include substations, if you use them for any of these purposes A new activity, program, or process where success or failure is being tracked but it is too soon to tell the outcome. Outage management systems are software systems that integrate geographical information systems, electrical topology, and customer information systems to predict portions of distribution circuits that are interrupted (usually based on customer calls) and manage the response to these interruptions. The OMS may include functionality to aid the coordination of work crews and management of all reliability data for reliability reporting. Most often a person with a 4-year Engineering degree whose primary role is determining the need for upcoming capital projects (see the term “Planning”) The act of determining the upcoming needs for capital projects. It includes identifying where new and/or reconfigured lines and stations will be needed, and arranging for or performing the initial engineering work to determine the best overall solution for the need. This planning is typically based on forecasts of the electric system load, combined with understanding the system design and philosophy. An activity, program, or process that has been in place for a while where it is possible to measure the outcome (success or failure) Refers to circuits and equipment operated at Distribution Voltage levels which, for purposes of this survey, are defined as voltages greater than 1 kV and less than 46 kV Electric power generation that uses energy sources that are naturally replenished on a human time scale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, geothermal heat, biomass, etc. Renewable power generation may be connected to electric grids at either the transmission or distribution level and can be very large (e.g., a regional wind farm connected to the transmission grid),very small (e.g., a residential roof-top solar panel connected to the distribution system) or anywhere in between. SCADA is the acronym for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. SCADA systems are typically used to perform data collection and control at the substation level. Some systems are called SCADA despite only performing data acquisition and not control. Refers to circuits and equipment operated at <1kV 36 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Substations Many Definition A location on the electric T&D system that contains equipment which transforms voltage from a higher level to a lower level, or the reverse, and/or which performs high voltage switching and other important functions. Substations typically have one or more transformers and switching, protection and control equipment all located within a fenced area, a building or an underground vault. Substations are further classified based on their primary function. 1. Transmission Substations provide connections between two or more transmission lines and may convert voltage between higher and lower transmission voltage levels. 2. Distribution Substations transfer power from the transmission system to the distribution circuits that serve a geographic area, reducing voltage from transmission to distribution levels. Some systems also have intermediate substations that convert between higher and lower distribution voltage levels which are also classified as Distribution Substations. In the U.S., FERC provides a series of guidelines for classifying substation sites based on function. When both transmission and distribution functions exist at one site, FERC offers the option of splitting a substation site into its transmission and distribution components or classifying the entire site as transmission or distribution based on its predominant use. We would encourage members to split the site and report its transmission and distribution components as separate substations. Our standard guideline is that substations should be classified based on their LOW side voltage: If the low side voltage is 46kV or higher, the substation should be classified as Transmission. If the low side voltage is less than 46kV, the substation should be classified as Distribution. Technician Many Transformers Many Often a person with a 2-year degree, or one with more limited formal education, but with job-related experience A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy between two circuits through electromagnetic induction and typically converts the voltage level at the input side to lower or higher voltage at the output side. The major types of transformers that are addressed in our benchmarking survey are: 1. Power Transformers, which are located in substations and have separate windings on their input and output sides. 37 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition 2. Autotransformers, which are also located in substations but which have a winding that is shared by both the input and output sides. 3. Distribution Transformers (sometimes called “Line Transformers”), which are located on poles, on concrete pads or in underground vaults, and which reduce voltage from distribution levels on the input/primary side to less than 1,000 volts on the output/secondary side. Transmission Operations Center Many The office location(s) where the following functions are performed with respect to the transmission system: Monitoring and operating the transmission system, dispatching troubleshooters and crews during emergency situations, managing safety through the tag-out process , issuing switching orders Underground Network System Many Underground Residential Distribution (URD) Many A type of electric distribution construction used primarily in metropolitan areas where the primary and secondary cable is installed under streets and alleys in a concrete conduit and manhole system .The distribution equipment components such as switchgear and transformers are also installed underground in vaults, often located in the basements of buildings. These systems have multiple primary circuits which are paralleled on the secondary side of the distribution transformers. Thus, customers served from the secondary side are being fed continuously from two or more primary circuit sources. The distribution transformers have secondary breakers, sometimes referred to as “network protectors”, which are relayed to open in the event of a fault on the primary circuit source (reverse power flow) and automatically close when conditions are such that forward power flow can be restored. A type of electric distribution construction where the primary and secondary cable is installed below grade, either directly in the ground (“direct-buried”) or in plastic conduit. The distribution equipment components such as switchgear, transformers and secondary terminals or pedestals may either be installed above grade, on foundation pads, or below grade, in an enclosure or vault. This type of construction was initially used only in residential areas but now is used widely in commercial and industrial developments as well. 38 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition SUBSTATION REFURBISHMENT Term Distribution Substation Question #’s A1 Definition Locations on the electric T&D system that convert power from a transmission voltage to a distribution voltage and those that convert between higher and lower distribution voltages (see Common section of glossary for definitions of “transmission” and “distribution”. Substations typically have one or more transformers and switching, protection and control equipment located within a fenced area, a building or an underground vault. For the purposes of this survey, do not include small, polemounted or pad-mounted step-down transformers which are sometimes referred to as “mini-substations” Substation Type – “Mixed/Suburban” A1, C2 A distribution substation serving a geographic area that has 50 to 250 customers per square mile Substation Type – “Rural” A1, C2 A distribution substation serving a geographic area that has fewer than 50 customers per square mile Substation Type – “Urban” A1, C2 A distribution substation serving a geographic area that has more than 250 customers per square mile Transformer (XFRMR) A1, A2, C2 For all of the distribution substation power transformer statistics collected in this survey, report the number of three phase banks. Average Transformer Loading at Peak (%) A5 “Peak Load MVA at Non-Coincident Peak” divided by “Installed MVA Capacity” (see Glossary definitions below for these two terms) Installed MVA Capacity A5 The sum of the total rated capacity of all distribution substation transformers at normal operating conditions. We recognize that rated capacity may be determined in different ways by different companies. U.S. companies should use the number reported on FERC Form 1. Peak Load MVA at Non-Coincident Peak A5 The sum of all individual substation transformer peak load MVA values recorded during the year. These individual substation peak load MVA values may have occurred at different times and at times different than the time of the peak demand on the overall system 39 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition Substation Refurbishment Approach – “Full Station Rebuild’ B1, B2 A refurbishment project at a specific substation is considered when certain critical components are determined to be in need of replacement. At that time, the entire substation is completely rebuilt on-site with all existing components being removed/demolished and replaced with new components. Substation Refurbishment Approach – “Individual ComponentFocused” Substation Refurbishment Approach – “Station Centric” B1, B2 Individual substation components are evaluated separately and any needed component replacement, rebuild or reconditioning work is completed through separate, component-focused refurbishment projects over a period of several years. B1, B2 A refurbishment project at a specific substation is considered when certain critical components are determined to be in need of replacement or major rebuild/reconditioning work. At that time, all of the other substation components are evaluated and a single, comprehensive substation refurbishment project is initiated to replace or rebuild/recondition all components of the substation that require attention. Substation Evaluation Method – “Visual Inspection” Substation Evaluation Method – “Testing” B4 The condition of a substation component is evaluated based on a visual inspection in the field B4 The condition of a substation component is evaluated based on specific tests that are performed, including tests performed while the equipment is off-line and any tests that may be performed while the equipment is in operation. This also includes testing of oil samples to determine the level of component deterioration that has occurred Substation Evaluation Method – “Current/Forecast Loading” Substation Evaluation Method – “Maintenance History & Costs” Substation Evaluation Method – “Environmental Risk Analysis” B4 Current equipment loading data is monitored and forecasted to help predict the future performance and condition of the substation component B4 Historical maintenance history and cost data is evaluated to determine the level of component deterioration that has occurred B4 Environmental risks associated with the continued operation of substation components are evaluated to determine the need for component rebuild, reconditioning or replacement. 40 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition Integrated Modules B8, C4 Where multiple substation components (e.g. transformers, bus structures, breakers and associated protection equipment) are mounted on a platform and installed in the field as a single, integrated unit. Project Costs – Contract Labor/Services Commissioning Labor Project Costs – Company Commissioning Direct Labor C3 The cost of commissioning activities for refurbished substations that were performed by either “contract labor” or a “contract service” as defined in the Common section of this glossary C3, C4 The costs of salaries, wages and benefits paid to company employees who were directly engaged in commissioning activities for refurbished substations. See the Common section this glossary for further definition of what costs should be included in this direct labor cost component Project Costs – Company Commissioning Direct Labor Overheads Project Costs – Contract Labor/Services Construction Labor Project Costs – Company Construction Direct Labor C3, C5 Any and all costs that were accumulated and distributed as overheads to company commissioning direct labor for refurbished substations. See the Common section of this glossary for further definition of what costs should be included in this overheads cost component The cost of construction activities for refurbished substations that were performed by either “contract labor” or a “contract service” as defined in the Common section of this glossary The costs of salaries, wages and benefits paid to Company employees who were directly engaged in construction activities for refurbished substations. See the Common section in this glossary for further definition of what costs should be included in this direct labor cost component Project Costs – Company Construction Direct Labor Overheads C3, C5 C3 C3, C4 Project Costs – C3 Company Construction Vehicle/Equipment Project Costs – C3 Contract Labor/Services Engineering/Design Any and all costs that were accumulated and distributed as overheads to the company construction direct labor for refurbished substations. See the Common section of this glossary for further definition of what costs should be included in this overheads cost component The cost of company construction vehicles and equipment used in substation refurbishment activities and charged to individual projects based on internal fleet charge-out rates The cost of engineering and design activities for refurbished substations that were performed by either “contract labor” or a “contract service” as defined in the Common section of this glossary 41 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition Project Costs – C3, C4 Company Engineering/Design The costs of salaries, wages and benefits paid to Company employees who were directly engaged in engineering and design activities for refurbished substations. See the Common section in this glossary for further definition of what costs should be included in this direct labor cost component Project Costs – C3, C5 Company Engineering/Design Direct Labor Overheads Any and all costs that were accumulated and distributed as overheads to company engineering and design direct labor for refurbished substations. See the Common section of his glossary for further definition of what costs should be included in this overheads cost component Project Costs Equipment and Material Costs C3 Project Costs -Other C3 The full cost of new equipment and materials installed at the refurbished substation, including stores loading cost allocations and/or vendor charges for transporting equipment and material to the site, as applicable. Any costs charged to a substation refurbishment project that do not fall under one of the other specific project cost components defined in this section of the glossary Project Costs Total Project Cost C3 The total cost of a substation refurbishment project as recorded in the company’s accounting system Outsourced Work % C3 The estimated percentage of the total amount of work of a given type (Commissioning, Construction or Engineering & Design) on a substation refurbishment project that was performed by “contract labor” or a “contract service”, as defined in the common section of this glossary. This % may be estimated based on physical work quantities, standard labor hours or other methods. Project Hours – C3 Company Commissioning Labor Hours Project Hours – C3 Company Construction Labor Hours Project Hours – C3 Company Engineering/Design Labor Hours Total person-hours of company labor engaged in commissioning activities for refurbished substations. Total person-hours of company labor engaged in construction activities for refurbished substations. Total person-hours of company labor engaged in engineering and design activities for refurbished substations. 42 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition POLE REPLACEMENT Term Pole Refurbishment Method – “Epoxy” Pole Refurbishment Method “Retreatment Rod” Question #’s D8, E9 Definition D8, E9 Solid rods containing boron and fluoride are inserted into pre-drilled holes around the ground-line region of inservice poles. In the presence of moisture, the rods dissolve, releasing active ingredients which kill decay and provide protection to the sound wood from further insect attack An epoxy fluid is injected into damaged areas of inservice poles (cracks, splits, holes) to retard the deterioration of a specific area. Pole D8, E9 Refurbishment Method “Truss/Stubbing” A metal device is secured around or attached to an inservice pole to restore strength ratings and prolong the life of the pole. Pole Refurbishment Method - “Wrap” D8, E9 A pliable material is wrapped around an in-service pole to protect the pole from external decay and potential damage from animals or insects Pole Inspection Cycle Time Pole Inspection Type – “Bore” D11, E3 The number of years between scheduled pole inspections E2, E3 Pole Inspection Type – “Excavation” E2, E3 Pole Inspection Type –“Patrol” Pole Inspection Type – “Visual” E2, E3 Where an inspector will bore inspection holes after hammer sounding to more thoroughly examine areas where decay is suspected. Where the inspector will access a portion of the pole below grade (usually no more than 24”), helping to identify external decay and termites. This is typically coupled with sound and bore. When resources are scheduled to drive lines/circuits looking for obvious signs of pole deterioration. When resources are scheduled to walk lines/circuits looking for detailed signs of pole deterioration. Pole Inspection Type – “Ultrasonic” E2, E3 Where an inspector uses electronic equipment to measure the movement of sound waves through a pole. These methods depend on theories, such as frequency or time of flight of a sonic wave, or physical characteristics such as hardness, to identify anomalies. Pole Inspection Type – “Sound” E2, E3 Where the inspector strikes the pole with a hammer identify areas where decay is suspected. E2, E3 43 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition # of Inspections Planned E6 The number of pole inspections that were planned to be completed in a specific year as of the start of that year # of Inspections Actually Completed Costs - Contract Labor/Services E6 The number of pole inspections that were actually completed during a specific year E7, F6, F7, F8 Costs - Company Direct Labor E7, F6, F7, F8 The cost of contract labor and/or contract services that were used in pole inspection, pole replacement, pole refurbishment or emergency pole replacement activities. The costs of salaries, wages and benefits paid to Company employees who were directly engaged in pole inspection, pole replacement, pole refurbishment or emergency pole replacement activities. See the Common section in this glossary for further definition of what costs should be included in this direct labor cost component Costs - Company Direct Labor Overheads E7, F6, F7, F8 Any and all costs that were accumulated and distributed as overheads to direct labor charges for pole inspection, pole replacement, pole refurbishment or emergency pole replacement activities. See the Common section of this glossary for further definition of what costs should be included in this overheads cost component Costs – Equipment E7, F6, F7, F8 The cost of vehicles and equipment used in the pole inspection, pole replacement, pole refurbishment or emergency pole replacement activities, based on the company’s internal fleet charge-out rates Costs - Materials E7, F6, F7, F8 The cost of all materials used in the pole inspection, pole replacement, pole refurbishment or emergency pole replacement activities including stores loading cost allocations and/or vendor charges for transporting material to the site, as applicable (including the costs of new poles) Total Company Labor Hours E7, F6, F7, F8 Total person-hours of company labor used in the pole inspection, pole replacement, pole refurbishment or emergency pole replacement activities Pole Inspection Result – “Serviceable – No Work Needed” Pole Inspection Result – “Serviceable – Preventive Refurbishment Applied” E10 Based on inspection, the pole was found to be operating as intended and in no need of any refurbishment work or other corrective action. E10 Based on inspection, the pole was found to be operating as intended and in no need of any corrective action other than preventive refurbishment treatment that was applied in at the time the inspection. 44 2016 Transmission & Distribution Glossary Term Section Definition Pole Inspection Result “Immediate Replacement Required” Pole Inspection Result “Requires Replacement Before the Next Inspection Cycle” Pole Inspection Result – “Requires Refurbishment Before the Next Inspection Cycle” E10 Based on inspection, the pole was found to be in need of immediate replacement. These poles are deemed unsafe. E10 Based on inspection, the pole was found to be in need of replacement some time before the next planned inspection. The pole replacement work can be scheduled to allow for a more efficient operation E10 Based on inspection, the pole was found to be in need of refurbishment some time before the next planned inspection. The pole refurbishment work can be scheduled to allow for a more efficient operation Poles Replaced F3 The total number of poles replaced as a result of a pole inspection program, including those which were classified as “Immediate Replacement Required” as well as those classified as “Requires Inspection Before Next Inspection Cycle”. Poles Refurbished F3 The total number of poles refurbished as a result of a pole inspection program Poles Emergency Replacement Person-Hours Needed F8 The total number of poles replaced as a result of failure in the field, excluding failures during significant storm events G1, G2, G3, G4 Total person-hours of labor that is typically expended during a specific step of the pole replacement job which is described in the scenario. Include all activity at the job site but exclude travel time to and from the job site. 45