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• 10/6 Focus: – Geographic conditions in the Indus River Valley allowed for the development of civilization on the Indian subcontinent – Seasonal monsoons play an important factor in the life of people on the Indian subcontinent • Do Now: – What is a peninsula? River Valley Civilizations The Indus Valley Geography of South Asia (Indian Subcontinent) The Indus Valley Civilization • Developed around 2,500 B.C. on the Indian subcontinent Indian Subcontinent • Landmass that includes the modern day nations of: – India – Pakistan – Bangladesh • Separated from Asia by large mountain ranges in the North – Himalayas – Hindu Kush – Karakoram Indian Subcontinent • Southern half is large peninsula • Peninsula – Landmass with water on three sides Geographic Regions • Geographic regions – Mountains in the north – Deccan Plateau – Northern Plains – Coastal Plains Mountains • Kept climate subtropical • Limited contact with other groups • Ways through the Mts. – Khyber Pass • Mountain pass in the Hindu Kush • Allowed movement into the Indus Valley – Thar Desert • Khyber Pass is still an important way through the mountains today Deccan Plateau • Plateau – Raised, flat area of land • Dry, Arid region in the center of the subcontinent Coastal Plains • Flat land along the east and west coasts • Farming, fishing , and trade occur here Northern Plains • Three rivers pass through this area – Indus – Ganges – Brahmaputra • Silt from flooding made the soil fertile • Civilizations developed here Monsoons • Seasonal winds • Summer – Heavy rains, warm air • Winter – Cool, Dry air Monsoons • Brought rain needed for crops • Led to flooding of rivers and creation of fertile silt Environmental Challenges • Floods along the Indus unpredictable • river can change course • Rainfall unpredictable; could have droughts or floods Closure • What is the name for the seasonal winds that impact the Indian subcontinent? • Why are they so important to the people of India? • 10/10 Focus: – Archeologists have discovered evidence that Indus Valley civilization had developed well organized cities • Do Now: – Identify the three geographic regions of the Indian subcontinent – Explain why the monsoons are so important to the people of India Civilization Emerges on the Indus • Indus Valley Civilization – Influenced an area larger than Mesopotamia or Egypt • Earliest Arrivals – About 7000 B.C.E., evidence of agricultural and domesticated animals – By 3200 B.C.E., people farming in villages along Indus River Cities • Built well organized cities – By 2500 B.C.E., people build cities of brick laid out on a grid system. – Engineers create plumbing and sewage systems – Indus Valley called Harrapan civilization after Harappa, a city.
