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Detection of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) Created By: Matthew Barboza Supervising Professor: Dr. Sungyong Jung Analog Mixed signal Integrated Circuits (AMIC) Purpose • Main Problem: Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB’s) posing a threat to environment and local population. • Current detection methods o o o o Manual Sampling and Testing accurate analysis – small areas, time consuming, after the event Aerial Scanning large area scan – uncertainties, may not be real-time • Proposed Solution: Submerged array of sensors to provide real-time, large area identification for early warning and treatment In Situ Wireless Sensing Network (WSN) Microsystin sensors • Qualitative and quantitative analysis. • Easy to cover vast space and time. • Real time and in situ monitoring. • Early warning system. Overview • Background: o Harmful Algal Blooms o Immunoassays o Optical Electronics, laser-diodes and PIN photodiodes o Transimpedance Amplifiers • Set-up • Devices • Progress Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) • What is a HAB? o Sudden increase of marine microorganism population • algae, bacteria • Why is it “harmful” o Hypoxic conditions (little oxygen) o Toxins • e.g. Microcystin LR produced by Microsystis Aerugenosa Immunoassay • A technique of identifying a substance by its ability to bind to an antibody. - Collins English Dictionary Laser Diodes • Emission of light due to electron-hole recombination • Monochromatic • Narrow beam Photodiode • • • • • Incident light causes electron-hole pairs Carriers are swept across depletion region Increase in reverse current Current proportional to incident light PIN , P-type, Intrinsic, N-type Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) • Input current signal Ii, output voltage signal Vo • Amplifier gain is Vo/Ii (ohms) Antibody – Antigen Bonding Site Photodetector Laser Diode Amplifier Circuit Immunoassay Digitally Controlled Pulsing Memory Microcontroller Analog to Digital Converter Communication Protocol Wireless Transmitter Devices • • • • • FDS1010 – Photodetector – Thorlabs D7805I – Laser Diode – Digikey OPA380 – Transimpedance amplifier – Digikey TiWi5 – Wireless dsPIC33FJ128MC802 – Microcontroller – Mouser Progress • Microcontroller Configuration o 25.3 ns Instruction cycle (98.8% of 40 MIPS) o 39525652 Timer Interrupt ( ~ 1 second) o Single, 10-bit, ADC conversion • K. G. Sellner et al., “Harmful Algal Blooms: Causes, Impact, and Detection” in Society for Industrial Microbiology, Copyright © 2003 EBSCO Publishing, DOI 10.1007/s10295-003-0074-9