Download Wstęp - YPEF Young People in European Forests

Brief presentation informing us of
selected European forests.
Germany

Forests in Germany, covering 11.1 million hectares, representing approx. 31%
of the total area of the country. Most of them (61%) are coniferous forests,
but in the coming decades is expected to increase the share of deciduous
forests.

The most forested countries are union Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate, where
the figure is 42%. The least forests spit while in the Land of SchleswigHolstein 10%.

Most of the land in Germany lies in the temperate zone of warm, moist
dominated by westerly winds. In the north the climate is oceanic with rainfall
all year round.
Organization of forestry in Germany
Mammals, who are living today in the German
hardwood forest, are: fallow
dears(Dama dama), boars(Sus scrofa),
foxes(Vulpes vulpes), red dears(Cervus
elaphus), lynxes(Lynx), beavers(Castor) and
otters(Lutrinae). Since 1998 wolves(Canis
lupus) were detected in the eastern part of
Germany. At the moment about 150 wolves
live in Germany. We must pay attention to all
species, because without them German
woods would become normal woods.
Latvia

Boggy areas

There are numerous marshes - the largest of them
wetlands Teicu near Daugavpils; This is a nature reserve
with an area of 190 km2. There is a flora and fauna typical
of the wetland environment. A large number of swamps
occur on the Plains of Riga, on the coast Kurlandzki and
Lowland Talavas. Latvia recorded approx. 1,400 species of
animals. Staying here approx. 300 bird species, of which
more than half of the chicks hatched in Latvia. Frequently
encountered: wagtails, larks, swallows, thrushes, orioles,
finches. In the forests - jays and tits, moreover grouse. In
humid places - storks and cranes.
With
predators are hawks(Accipiter
gentilis), falcons(Falco peregrinus,
owls(Strigiformes), buzzards(Buteo
buteo).
Hungary

Predominant formation forests are deciduous forests. In
the mountains preserved fragments of forests of beech,
oak and oak and hornbeam. In the higher parts of the
mountains grow mixed forests, where the share of outside
deciduous species is pine. Forests cover 21.5% of the
country. In the south, the highlands Dunántúl are
characteristic chestnuts, oleanders and tamarisks.
A lot of effects about the harmful of human
activity on forests and their
deterioration. The crucial threats for moderate
climate forests are air pollution, since
the1970’s, and climate change. Although air
pollution affected forests in
many European regions, this was not the case
for Hungary’s forests. Prevailing species is pine.
Forests cover 21.5% of the country.
Hungary is a country with a significant share
of soils called ,,czarnoziemy’’, and thus are
one of the few countries with a significant
share of fertile soils. Chernozem occupy 50%
of the country of which 30% chernozem
steppe. These soils cover the lowlands of
Hungary. We think that the lands in Hungary
are so rich that the Hungarian agriculture
can be on top.
Greece

The country's topography is mostly mountainous. Small plains and
valleys are interspersed between the mountains and constitute
the main agricultural areas.

The climate is typically Mediterranean over most of the country,
with warm-to-hot summers and mild winters. Usually there is
little or no rain in the summer, but quite often the dry season may
start as early as April and continue well into fall. Only some of
the wettest locations at high elevations have more than 100 days
of rain per year.

Yearly precipitation may exceed 2,000 mm at those locations. On the
other hand, the south-eastern tip of Greece, including the area
around Athens and the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea, has annual
precipitation of less than 400 mm, which is one of the lowest in
Europe.
Mean yearly temperature varies between 14.5°C in the north and
19.5°C on the southernmost island of Crete. Absolute minimum
temperatures at high elevations in northern Greece may approach –
25°C. In the summer, maximum temperatures occasionally reach 4245°C at various inland locations. The influence of the Mediterranean
Sea that surrounds the country on three sides helps moderate the air
temperature in most areas.
Estonia

In Estonia forests are being used intensively; 2 million of hectares
(approximately 53 %) of the land is covered with forests. Mostly we
have pine forests especially in northern, western and south-eastern
part of Estonia. In the central Estonia are most common spruce
forests. Estonian Forests belong to mixed forests zone. Conifer stands
are dominating but we have also strong wood stands.

Nowadays can naturally form a forest only pine and spruce, our birch
and aspen stands are temporary. Without human interaction they
would all be soon replaced with conifer forests. The global system in
Estonia is represented by sclerophyllous dry forest, disturbed natural
forest, lower montane forest and freshwater n Estonia forests are
being used intensively; 2 million of hectares (approximately 53 %) of
the land is covered with forests.
 Mostly
we have pine forests especially in
northern, western and south-eastern part
of Estonia. In the central Estonia are most
common spruce forests. Estonian Forests
belong to mixed forests zone. Conifer
stands are dominating but we have also
strong wood stands.
Our knowledge sources:

http://www.ypef.eu/

https://en.wikipedia.org
The end
Authors:
Michał Szydełko
Filip Magoń
Andżelika Dulęba
School: I Liceum Ogólnokształcące
im. H. Sienkiewicza w Łańcucie
Class: 2c