Download Introduction to System-on-Chip - Electrical and Computer Engineering

Introduction to System-on-Chip
COE838: Systems-on-Chip Design
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~courses/COE838/
Dr. Gul N. Khan
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~gnkhan
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Ryerson University
Overview
• Course Management
• Introduction to SoC
• SoC Applications
• On-Chip Interconnections
• Bus-based and NoC based SoC Interconnects
Introductory Articles on SoC available at the course webpage
COE838: Systems-on-Chip Design
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~courses/coe838/
Instructor: Dr. Gul N. Khan
Email: [email protected]
URL:http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~gnkhan
Telephone: 416 979-5000 ext. 6084, Office: ENG448
Consultation Hours: Tuesday 1:00-3:00PM or by Appointment
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Ryerson University
Introduction to SoC Design
2
Lectures, Labs and Projects
Half Notes
 Students need to take notes and also require text-reference books and
some research articles identified by the instructor.
Labs and Project
 Aimed at concept reinforcement and practical experience.
Lectures, Labs, Projects and other support material
will be available at the course website:
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~courses/coe838/
Assessment and Evaluation
Labs:
Project:
Midterm Exam:
Final Exam:
Introduction to SoC Design
15%
15%
30% (Monday: March 3, 2017)
40%
3
Course Text/Reference Books and other Material
Text and Other Books
Michael J. Flynn, Wayne Luk, Computer System Design:
System on Chip, John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2011,
ISBN 978-0-470-64336-5
 Marilyn Wolf, Computer as Components: Principles of
Embedded Computing System Design, 3rd or 4th Edition,
Morgan Kaufman - Elsevier Publishers 2013, 2016
ISBN 978-0-12-388436-7
 SystemC: From the Ground Up, 2nd Edition,
by D. Black, J. Donovan, B. Bunton, A. Keist Springer 2010,
ISBN 978-0-387-69957-8
Some Articles, Embedded Processors and other Data Sheets are available
at the Course Website: http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~courses/coe838/
Introduction to SoC Design
4
Main Lecture Topics
1. Introduction to System on Chip (SoC)
* An SoC Design Approach
2. SystemC and SoC Design:
* Co-Specification, System Partitioning, Co-simulation, and Co-synthesis
* SystemC for Co-specification and Co-simulation
3. Hardware-Software Co-Synthesis, Accelerators based SoC Design
4. Basics of Chips and SoC ICs:
* Cycle Time, Die Area-and-Cost, Power,
* Area-time-Power Tradeoffs and Chip Reliability
5. System-on-Chip and SoPC (System on Programmable Chips)
6. SoC CPU/IP Cores
* ARM Cortex A9, NIOS-II, OpenRISC, Leon4 and OpenSPARC
7. SoC Interconnection Structures: Bus-based Interconnection
* AMBA Bus, IBM Core Connect, Avalon, Interconnection Structures
8. Network on Chip - NoC Interconnection and NoC Systems
9. Multi-core and MPSoC Architectures
10. SoC Application Case Studies (time permitting)
Introduction to SoC Design
5
System on a Chip
• An IC that integrates multiple components of a
system onto a single chip.
• MPSoC addresses performance requirements.
Introduction to SoC Design
6
Samsung S3C6410 Platform
Introduction to SoC Design
7
S3C6410 System-on-Chip
• A 16/32-bit RISC low power, high performance micro-processor
• Applications include mobile phones, Portable Navigation
Devices and other general applications.
• Provide optimized H/W performance for the 2.5G and
3G communication services,
• Includes many powerful hardware accelerators for motion
video processing, display control and scaling. An
• Integrated Multi Format Codec (MFC) supports encoding and
decoding of MPEG4/H.263, H.264.
• Many hardware peripherals such as camera interface, TFT 24-bit
LCD controller, power management, etc.
Introduction to SoC Design
8
S3C6410 based Mobile Processor
Navigation
System
iPhone based
on
ARM1176JZ
S3C6410
Introduction to SoC Design
9
Samsung S5PC100 SoC
used in iPhone 3GS
Introduction to SoC Design
10
S5PC100 Samsung SoC
S5PC100 has various functionalities:
• Wireless communication, Personal
navigation, Camera
• Portable gaming, Video player and
Mobile TV into one device.
• S5PC100 has a 32-bit ARM Cortex
A8 RISC microprocessor that
operates up to 833MHz.
• 64/32-bit internal bus architecture
• Used in iphone 3GS and ipod touch
3rd generation.
Introduction to SoC Design
11
Moore’s Law
…the performance of an IC, including the number components on it, doubles
every 18-24 months with the same chip price ... - Moore - 1960
Introduction to SoC Design
12
Technology Past Roadmap
H.P: High performance µP - MicroProcessor
H.H: Hand Held Devices
Introduction to SoC Design
13
Evolution: Boards to SoC
Evolution:
• IP based design
• Platform-based design
Some Challenges
• HW/SW Co-design
• Integration of analog (RF) IPs
• Mixed Design
• Productivity
Emerging new technologies
• Greater complexity
• Increased performance
• Higher density
• Lower power dissipation
Introduction to SoC Design
14
What is System-on-Chip
SoC: More of a System not a Chip
* In addition to IC, SoC consists of software and
interconnection structure for integration.
SoC may consists of all or some of the following:
• Processor/CPU cores
• On-chip interconnection (busses, network, etc.)
• Analog circuits
• Accelerators or application specific hardware modules
• ASICs Logics
• Software – OS, Application, etc.
• Firmware
Introduction to SoC Design
15
System on a Chip
On-Chip Components?
A processor or multiple processors
* Including DSPs, microprocessors, microcontrollers
Cores (IPs): On-chip memory, accelerators,
peripherals (i.e. USB, ETH, etc.), PLLs, power
management, etc.
Introduction to SoC Design
16
ASIC to System-on-Chip
ASICs: Application Specific ICs are close to SoC designed to
perform a specific function for embedded and other applications.
* ASIC vendors supply libraries for each technology they provide.
Mostly, these libraries contain pre-designed/verified logic circuits.
* SOC is an IC designed by combining multiple stand-alone VLSI
designs to provide a functional IC for an application. It composes
of pre-designed models of complex functions e.g. cores (IP block,
virtual components, etc.) that serve various embedded applications.
Introduction to SoC Design
17
ASIC Design Flow
Top Level Design
Long Time to Design
Unit Block Design
DVT: Design,
Verification
and Testing
Unit Block Verification
Integration and Synthesis
Trial Netlists
Timing Convergence
& Verification
System Level Verification
Fabrication
DVT Prep
DVT
5
10
4
10
42
52
Introduction to SoC Design
13 ??
4
6
Time in Weeks
Time to Mask order
18
System-on-Chip Design Flow
• Specify: What does the customer really want?
• Architect:
* Find the most cost and performance effective
architecture to implement it?
* Which existing components can we adapt & re-use?
• Evaluate: What is the performance impact of a
cheaper architecture?
• Implement: What can we generate automatically
from libraries and customization?
Use separate computation, communication, etc.
Introduction to SoC Design
19
SoC Design Flow
SoC Typical Design Steps
• Due to Chip Complexity
Top Level Design
Unit Block Design
Unit Block Verification
Integration and Synthesis
Trial Netlists
Timing Convergence
and Verification
System Level Verification
Fabrication
DVT Prep
DVT
3
3
2
12
20
Introduction to SoC Design
4
4
Time in Weeks
Time to Mask order
28
and lower IC area, it is
difficult to reduce
Placement, Layout and
Fabrication steps time.
• There is need to reduce the
time of other steps before
Placement, Layout and
Fabrication steps.
• One should consider Chip
Layout issues up-front.
20
System-on-Chip
CPU
MPEG CORE
DSP
VGA CORE
Analog
ADC/DAC
Introduction to SoC Design
Other Component
21
SOC Structure
A tile of the chip
control
data
parity
spare
p1
bus
p3
A communication link
Introduction to SoC Design
22
SOC: System on Chip

SOC cannot be considered as a large ASIC



Architectural approach involving significant design reuse
Addresses the cost and time-to-market problems
SOC design is significantly more complex
 Need cross-domain optimizations
 IP reuse will increase productivity, but not enough
 Even with extensive IP reuse, many of the ASICs design
problems will remain, and more …
Proc
Mem
Mem
CPU
IPSec
CPU
USB
hub
$100
DSP
IP cores
X
Introduction to SoC Design
DSP
$10
IPSec
CoProc
USB
hub
X
23
SOC Applications
 SOC Design include embedded processor cores, and a
significant software component, which leads to additional
design challenges.
 An SOC is a system on an IC that integrates software and
hardware Intellectual Property (IP) using more than one
design methodology.
 The designed system on a chip is application specific.
Typical applications of SOC:




Microprocessor, Media processor,
GPS controllers, Cellular/Smart
phones, ASICs, HDTV, Game
Consoles, PC-on-a-chip
Consumer devices.
Networking and communication.
Biomedical Devices.
Other segments of electronics industry.
Introduction to SoC Design
24
IP: Intellectual Property Cores
IP cores can be classified into three types:
Hard IP cores are hard layouts using physical design libraries.
The integration of hard IP cores is simple and easy. However,
they are technology dependent and lack flexibility.
Soft IP cores are generally in VHDL/Verilog code providing
functional descriptions of IPs. These cores are flexible and
reconfigurable. However, these soft IP cores must be synthesized
and verified by the user before integrating them.
Firm IP cores provide the advantage of both balancing the high
performance and optimization properties of hard IPs along with
the flexibility of soft IPs. These cores are provided in the form of
netlists to specific physical libraries after synthesis.
Introduction to SoC Design
25
Some IP Examples
Introduction to SoC Design
26
Multi-Core (Processor) System-on-Chip
Inter-node communication between CPU/cores can be
performed by message passing or shared memory.
Number of processors in the same chip-die increases at
each node (CMP and MPSoC).
• Memory sharing will require: Shared Bus
* Large Multiplexers
* Cache coherence
* Not Scalable
• Message Passing: NOC: Network-on-Chip
* Scalable
* Require data transfer transactions
* Overhead of extra communication
Introduction to SoC Design
27
Buses to Networks
• Architectural paradigm shift: Replace wire spaghetti by network
• Usage paradigm shift: Pack everything in packets
• Organizational paradigm shift
 Confiscate communications from logic designers
 Create a new discipline, a new infrastructure responsibility
Introduction to SoC Design
28
MPSoC
MPSoC is a system-on-chip and it contains multiple
instruction-set processors (CPUs).
• A typical MPSoC is a heterogeneous
multiprocessor where several different types of
processing elements (PEs).
• The memory system may also be heterogeneously
distributed around the machine, and the
interconnection structure between the PEs and the
memory may also be heterogeneous.
• MPSoCs often have large memory. The application
device can have embedded memory on-chip, and may
rely on off-chip commodity memory.
Introduction to SoC Design
29
SOC: System on Chip
Several CPUs are now actually considered as SoCs!
• CPUs now contain the CPU itself, along with integrated
graphics processors, PCI express, memory controllers etc. all
on a single die
Advantages?
Disadvantages?
Ipad3’s CPU SoC Circuit  A5
PC Motherboard – CPU with support ICs
Introduction to SoC Design
30
Exynos 5410 Octa Processor SoC
Octa core CPU, big.LITTLE processing
3D graphics – fast/efficient operation for smartphone/tablets.
12.8 GB/s memory bandwidth, 1080p 60 fps video.
Introduction to SoC Design
31
Where are we heading?
 Introduction to System on Chip - An SoC Design Approach.
 SystemC for SoC Design: Co-Specification and Simulation.
 Hardware-Software Co-synthesis and Accelerator based SoCs.
 Basics of Chips and SoC ICs.
 Hardware-Software Co-synthesis and Accelerator based SoCs
 SoC CPU/IP Cores: ARM Cortex A9
 SoC Interconnection Structures: Bus-based Interconnection
 NoC: Network on Chip
 Multi-core and MPSoC (Multiprocessor SoC) Architectures
 SoC Case Studies (if time permits)
Introduction to SoC Design
32
NOC and SOC Design
33