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PHYLUM ARTHROPODA ACCORDING TO RUPPERT BARNES (6TH EDI.) MILITA ROY Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya Classification of the Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda Trilobitomorpha Chelicerata Crustacea Uniramia Phylum Arthropoda Characteristics • Microscopic to 12 ft length (King Crab) • Jointed appendages appendages-- Structures extending from body wall • Bilaterally symmetrical • Evolutionary links to annelids • Many are toxic • Many vector (transmit) pathogens • Many beneficial Phylum Arthropoda Rigid exoskeleton for support and protection Molting occurs during growth Paired, jointed appendages Ventral nervous system (ventral nerve cord) Reduced coelom Open circulatory system Complete digestive tract Malpighian tubules- Excretory units Respiration through tracheae (network of fine tubes) and spiracles (structures where air enters) • Metamorphosis often occurs during development • • • • • • • • • Some Arthropods Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Uniramia Classification of the Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Chelicerata Class Xiphosura Class Arachnida Class Pycnogonida Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Uniramia Subphylum Chelicerata- Class Arachnida • Spiders • Mites/ticks • Scorpions Most familiar spiders Cephalothorax (head fused to thorax)and abdomen All toxic No antennae Use pedipalps ( 2nd pair of appendages modified to catch and handle prey) and walking legs as sensory organs >30,000 Species/3,000 in U.S. Tarantulas largest Body 2.5 in, legs 9-10 in. Many, but not all spiders web builders Spinneretes- Appendages that secrete silk) Liquid feeders Inject digestive enzymes into prey and drink juices Use powerful jaws to crush exoskeleton- then digest and eat Subphylum Chelicerata- Class Arachnida Subphylum Chelicerata- Class Arachnida • Order Scorpions Tropical and subtropical 0.5 to 8 IN. Stinger on end of tail Pedipalps are pinchers Nocturnal Can be deadly but many aren’t – One of the oldest forms of life on Earth – – – – – – Other Arachnids • Order Acari – Ticks, mites, and chiggers – Found everywhere – Omnivorous/scaveng ers/parasites – Many blood feeders – Disease vectors • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever • Lyme Disease Other Chelicerates • Class Xiphosura- Horseshoe crabs (Limulus) – Marine with book gills – Not actually crabs – Shallow water on Atlantic coast – Feed on worms, bivalves, and small animals – Subclass Eurypterida- Extinct giant water scorpions • Class Pycnogonida- Sea spiders – Reduced abdomen – No special respiratory/excretory organs – Four to six pairs of legs Class Pycnogonida Classification of the Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Crustacea Class Cephalocarida Class Branchiopoda Class Ostracoda Class Copepoda Class Mystacocarida Class Remipedia Class Tantulocarida Class Branchiura Class Cirripedia Class Malacostraca Subphylum Uniramia Subphylum Crustacea Body segmented with hardened Limbs Limbs generally with two branches Two pairs of antennae Two compound eyes (eyes with many lenses) Body with 7 or more pairs of sometimes very different appendages for feeding, locomotion and sex • Respiration by gills • Nauplius Nauplius- Distinctive larval stage with three pairs of branched appendages • Although originally aquatic, many crustaceans are adapted to life on land • • • • • Classification of the Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Uniramia Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Class Symphyla Class Pauropoda Class Hexapoda Subphylum Uniramia- Class Diplopoda • 1000 leggers • Cylindrical worm like with 2/pairs legs/segment • Decomposers or herbivores • >1000 species in US • Short antenna • Non-toxic Subphylum Uniramia- Class Diplopoda Classification of the Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Uniramia Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Class Symphyla Class Pauropoda Class Hexapoda Subphylum Uniramia- Class Chilopoda • • • • • • • • • Centipedes 100 leggers Flattened worm like w/1 pairr legs/segment Carnivores Possess a pair of poison claws or legs just behind the head which are used to paralyze their prey Feed on insects or small animals Most centipedes are beneficial Large species found in the tropics (length of up to 18 inches) Can inflict painful bites Subphylum Uniramia- Class Chilopoda Classification of the Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Uniramia Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Class Symphyla Class Pauropoda Class Hexapoda Classification of the Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Uniramia Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Class Symphyla Class Pauropoda Class Hexapoda Classification of the Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Uniramia Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Class Symphyla Class Pauropoda Class Hexapoda Class [one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs] Diplopod (Millipede) Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached under body. Chilopod (Centipede) Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible segment - attached to side of body. Symphyla (Symphyla) [garden centipede] No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body. Class Hexapoda/Insecta • >750,000 species • Upwards of 3 million species • Outnumber all other plant and animal groups • Found in all environments • 10,000 ft. high • Some fly 100s of KM per week Class Insecta • Three body divisions – Head – Thorax – Abdomen • Exoskeleton • 12 Inches—Largest • 1MM-Smallest • Rapid growth rate – Exponential • Most mature < 1 year • Display almost every color Class - Hexapoda/ Insecta • Open circulatory system • Spiracles along abdomen used for breathing • Highly modified mouth parts (mandibles mandibles) – Some beetles can chew through lead or zinc • Well developed tube within a tube digestive system • Well developed nervous system • Sight- two types of eyes • Smell/taste-Use of antennae and feet • Hearing- tympanum (eardrum) Subphylum Hexapoda- Class Insecta Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Crustacea- Class Remipedia • Cave-dwelling • 30 segments with uniform, biramous appendages • Carribean, Indian Ocean, Canary Islands, Australia Subphylum Crustacea- Class Cephalocarida • Small and marine • Uniform, leaflike triramous appendages Subphylum Crustacea- Class Branchiopoda • Freshwater mostly • Leaflike appendages for respiration, filter feeding and locomotion • Fairy, brine and clam shrimp and water fleas Subphylum Crustacea- Class Maxillopoda • Five head, six thoracic, and four abdominal somites with a telson • Variously fused segments • No appendages on reduced abdomen • Barnacles and copepods Subphylum Crustacea- Class Malacostraca • Modified appendages for crawling, feeding or swimming • Lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimp, and isopods