Download phylum arthropoda - Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
ACCORDING TO RUPPERT BARNES (6TH EDI.)
MILITA ROY
Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya
Classification of the Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Trilobitomorpha
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Uniramia
Phylum Arthropoda Characteristics
• Microscopic to 12 ft length (King Crab)
• Jointed appendages
appendages-- Structures extending from
body wall
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Evolutionary links to annelids
• Many are toxic
• Many vector (transmit) pathogens
• Many beneficial
Phylum Arthropoda
Rigid exoskeleton for support and protection
Molting occurs during growth
Paired, jointed appendages
Ventral nervous system (ventral nerve cord)
Reduced coelom
Open circulatory system
Complete digestive tract
Malpighian tubules- Excretory units
Respiration through tracheae (network of fine tubes)
and spiracles (structures where air enters)
• Metamorphosis often occurs during development
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Some Arthropods
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Chelicerata
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Uniramia
Classification of the Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Xiphosura
Class Arachnida
Class Pycnogonida
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Uniramia
Subphylum Chelicerata- Class Arachnida
• Spiders
• Mites/ticks
• Scorpions
 Most familiar spiders
 Cephalothorax (head fused to
thorax)and abdomen
 All toxic
 No antennae
 Use pedipalps ( 2nd pair of
appendages modified to catch
and handle prey) and walking
legs as sensory organs
 >30,000 Species/3,000 in U.S.
 Tarantulas largest
 Body 2.5 in, legs 9-10 in.
 Many, but not all spiders
web builders
 Spinneretes- Appendages
that secrete silk)
 Liquid feeders
 Inject digestive enzymes
into prey and drink juices
 Use powerful jaws to crush
exoskeleton- then digest
and eat
Subphylum Chelicerata- Class
Arachnida
Subphylum Chelicerata- Class
Arachnida
• Order Scorpions
Tropical and subtropical
0.5 to 8 IN.
Stinger on end of tail
Pedipalps are pinchers
Nocturnal
Can be deadly but many
aren’t
– One of the oldest forms of
life on Earth
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Other Arachnids
• Order Acari
– Ticks, mites, and
chiggers
– Found everywhere
– Omnivorous/scaveng
ers/parasites
– Many blood feeders
– Disease vectors
• Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever
• Lyme Disease
Other Chelicerates
• Class Xiphosura- Horseshoe crabs (Limulus)
– Marine with book gills
– Not actually crabs
– Shallow water on Atlantic coast
– Feed on worms, bivalves, and small animals
– Subclass Eurypterida- Extinct giant water scorpions
• Class Pycnogonida- Sea spiders
– Reduced abdomen
– No special respiratory/excretory organs
– Four to six pairs of legs
Class Pycnogonida
Classification of the Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Chelicerata
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Cephalocarida
Class Branchiopoda
Class Ostracoda
Class Copepoda
Class Mystacocarida
Class Remipedia
Class Tantulocarida
Class Branchiura
Class Cirripedia
Class Malacostraca
Subphylum Uniramia
Subphylum Crustacea
Body segmented with hardened Limbs
Limbs generally with two branches
Two pairs of antennae
Two compound eyes (eyes with many lenses)
Body with 7 or more pairs of sometimes very different
appendages for feeding, locomotion and sex
• Respiration by gills
• Nauplius
Nauplius- Distinctive larval stage with three pairs of
branched appendages
• Although originally aquatic, many crustaceans are adapted
to life on land
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Classification of the Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Chelicerata
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Uniramia
Class Diplopoda
Class Chilopoda
Class Symphyla
Class Pauropoda
Class Hexapoda
Subphylum Uniramia- Class
Diplopoda
• 1000 leggers
• Cylindrical worm like with 2/pairs
legs/segment
• Decomposers or herbivores
• >1000 species in US
• Short antenna
• Non-toxic
Subphylum Uniramia- Class Diplopoda
Classification of the Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Chelicerata
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Uniramia
Class Diplopoda
Class Chilopoda
Class Symphyla
Class Pauropoda
Class Hexapoda
Subphylum Uniramia- Class Chilopoda
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Centipedes
100 leggers
Flattened worm like w/1 pairr legs/segment
Carnivores
Possess a pair of poison claws or legs just behind the
head which are used to paralyze their prey
Feed on insects or small animals
Most centipedes are beneficial
Large species found in the tropics (length of up to 18
inches)
Can inflict painful bites
Subphylum Uniramia- Class Chilopoda
Classification of the Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Chelicerata
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Uniramia
Class Diplopoda
Class Chilopoda
Class Symphyla
Class Pauropoda
Class Hexapoda
Classification of the Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Chelicerata
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Uniramia
Class Diplopoda
Class Chilopoda
Class Symphyla
Class Pauropoda
Class Hexapoda
Classification of the Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum
Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Chelicerata
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Uniramia
Class Diplopoda
Class Chilopoda
Class Symphyla
Class Pauropoda
Class Hexapoda
Class
[one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs]
Diplopod (Millipede)
Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached
under body.
Chilopod (Centipede)
Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible
segment - attached to side of body.
Symphyla (Symphyla)
[garden centipede]
No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.
Class Hexapoda/Insecta
• >750,000 species
• Upwards of 3 million species
• Outnumber all other plant and animal
groups
• Found in all environments
• 10,000 ft. high
• Some fly 100s of KM per week
Class Insecta
• Three body divisions
– Head
– Thorax
– Abdomen
• Exoskeleton
• 12 Inches—Largest
• 1MM-Smallest
• Rapid growth rate
– Exponential
• Most mature < 1 year
• Display almost every
color
Class - Hexapoda/ Insecta
• Open circulatory system
• Spiracles along abdomen used for breathing
• Highly modified mouth parts (mandibles
mandibles)
– Some beetles can chew through lead or zinc
• Well developed tube within a tube digestive
system
• Well developed nervous system
• Sight- two types of eyes
• Smell/taste-Use of antennae and feet
• Hearing- tympanum (eardrum)
Subphylum Hexapoda- Class Insecta
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Crustacea- Class
Remipedia
• Cave-dwelling
• 30 segments with
uniform, biramous
appendages
• Carribean, Indian
Ocean, Canary Islands,
Australia
Subphylum Crustacea- Class
Cephalocarida
• Small and marine
• Uniform, leaflike
triramous appendages
Subphylum Crustacea- Class
Branchiopoda
• Freshwater mostly
• Leaflike appendages
for respiration, filter
feeding and
locomotion
• Fairy, brine and clam
shrimp and water fleas
Subphylum Crustacea- Class
Maxillopoda
• Five head, six thoracic,
and four abdominal
somites with a telson
• Variously fused
segments
• No appendages on
reduced abdomen
• Barnacles and
copepods
Subphylum Crustacea- Class
Malacostraca
• Modified appendages
for crawling, feeding
or swimming
• Lobsters, crayfish,
crabs, shrimp, and
isopods