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Do Now! Americanization: The process of immigrants learning about life in the United States. Nativism: The idea that people born in America are superior. Chinese Exclusion Act: A 1882 law passed because of hostility, that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers. EQ: Why did immigrants come to the United States, and what impact did they have upon society? The students will be able to evaluate immigration. Ch 14 Sec 1: The New Immigrants • Many early American immigrants were Protestants from northern and western Europe or Catholics from Germany and Ireland. Many had skills and were educated. They came as families to work on farms. In the 1870s, “new” immigrants from southern and eastern Europe came to America. Many were Catholic or Jewish. They were unskilled and poor, and they settled in cities. • Two types of factors lead to immigration. Push factors compel people to leave their homes. These push factors include famine and war. • Pull factors, such as economic opportunities and religious freedom, draw people to a new place. Many immigrants were pulled to America by inexpensive land and employment opportunities. • Most immigrants traveled in the crowded and dirty lower decks of steamships called steerage. Beginning in 1892, most European immigrants were processed at Ellis Island in New York Harbor to determine their legal standing. Steerage Ellis Island • Asian immigrants were processed at Angel Island in San Francisco Bay. Ship owners did a preliminary medical screening before passengers boarded. Still, immigrants had to prove that they were healthy and had money, a skill, or a sponsor in order to stay in the United States. Angel Island Three Chinese women at Angel Island. • Volunteer organizations tried to help immigrants blend into the “melting pot” of American society. Still many held on to their traditions. Newcomers often faced nativism, the belief that native-born white Americans were better than newcomers. • Immigrants competed for jobs and housing. Settlement houses provided Americanization programs for new immigrants. Immigrants religious and cultural differences made nativeborn Americans suspicious. • Hostility toward Chinese laborers led Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. The act limited the civil rights of Chinese immigrants living in the United States. It also forbade the naturalization of Chinese residents. Despite opposition, immigrants helped industrial growth, elected politicians, and made their traditions part of American culture. EXIT SLIP Which statement about immigration to the United States is most accurate? a. immigration has had little effect on American culture. b. immigration has been a result of circumstances abroad as well as in the United States. c. Immigrants from northern and western Europe have had the most problems in being assimilated into United States society. d. Most immigration to the United States was completed by 1900. EXIT SLIP Which statement about immigration to the United States is most accurate? a. immigration has had little effect on American culture. b. immigration has been a result of circumstances abroad as well as in the United States. c. Immigrants from northern and western Europe have had the most problems in being assimilated into United States society. d. Most immigration to the United States was completed by 1900. EXIT SLIP Which statement best describes American immigration patterns from 1880 to 1920? a. Increasing proportions of immigrants came from western and northern Europe. b. American industries recruited skilled immigrants from industrialized European cities. c. Decreasing European immigration caused the United States to relax restrictions on Immigrants. d. Relatively poor, rural Europeans immigrated to industrial cities of the United States. EXIT SLIP Which statement best describes American immigration patterns from 1880 to 1920? a. Increasing proportions of immigrants came from western and northern Europe. b. American industries recruited skilled immigrants from industrialized European cities. c. Decreasing European immigration caused the United States to relax restrictions on Immigrants. d. Relatively poor, rural Europeans immigrated to industrial cities of the United States.