Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Gluteal muscles 1) Gluteus maximus (L5-S2; inf gluteal n.) 2) Tensor fasciae latae (L4-SI; sup gluteal n.) 3) Gluteus medius (L4-SI; sup gluteal n.) 4) Gluteus minimus (L4-SI; sup gluteal n.) 5) Piriformes (S2,3, direct branches) 6) Obturator internus (L4-S1, direct branches) 7) Superior / inferior gemelli (L5-S1, direct branch) 8) Quadratus femoris (L4-S1, direct branch) Muscle: Lower 1 PSIS Gluteus maximus origin: PSIS to tip of Cx coccyx Inserion: 1/5 gluteal tuberosity rest iliotibial tract L5-S2; inf gluteal n. Extensor of thigh Gluteal tuberosity Iliotibial tract (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 2 Tensor fasciae latae Iliac crest iliac crest behind ASIS iliotibial tract L4-SI; sup. gluteal n. Abductor of thigh; help knee extension Tensor fascia lata Iliotibial tract (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 3 Gluteus medius lat. surface, ilium between ant.& post. gluteal line greater trochanter L4-SI; sup. gluteal n. Abductor of thigh (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 4 Gluteus minimus lat. ilium between ant. & inf. gluteal line greater trochanter L4-SI; sup. gluteal n. Abductor of thigh (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 5 Gluteus maximus, abductors of hip Muscle: Lower 6 Piriformes ant. surface of sacrum, through greater sciatic foramen greater trochanter S2,3, direct branches Abductor; Lateral rotator Anterior sacrum (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 7 Piriformis and Sciatic foramen Piriformis Sciatic N (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 8 Obturator internus med. surface of hip bone around Lesser obturator foramen sciatic f. Lesser sciatic foramen (90o turn) greater Greater trochanter trochanter L4-S1, direct branches Abductor, Lateral Obturator rotator foramen (membrane) (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 9 Superior and inferior gemelli Ischium: above and below lesser sciatic foramen greater trochanter Sup (obt. Int.); Inf (N to Quadratus femoris) Abductor, Lateral rotator (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 10 Quadratus femoris lat. ischial tuberosity post. greater trochanter (intertrochanteric crest) branch to m. Lateral rotator Ischial tuberosity post. greater trochanter; intertrochanteric crest (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 11 Piriformis, Lateral rotators of Hip Obturator internus Superior / inferior gemelli Quadratus femoris common insertion near medial surface of greater trochanter Muscle: Lower 12 Flexors of hip 1) Psoas major (ventral rami, L2,3) 2) Psoas minor (ventral rami, L2,3) 3) Iliacus (femoral n, L2-4) 4) Pectineus (femoral n, L2-4) 5) Sartorius (femoral n, L2-4) Muscle: Lower 13 Psoas major L1-L5 L1-5 body & trans. proc vertebrae lesser trochanter ventral rami. L2,3 Powerful flexor of thigh (anterior view) Lesser trochanter Muscle: Lower 14 Psoas minor (T12-)L1 (T12)-L1 vertebrae detached upper part of psoas major to iliopubic eminence ventral rami. L1 in 50-60% Iliopubic eminence (anterior view)Muscle: Lower 15 Iliacus pelvic surface of ilium via inguinal lig. lesser trochanter femoral n., L2-4 Flex thigh (Iliopsoas) (anterior view) Inguinal lig. Lesser trochanter Muscle: Lower 16 Pectineus iliopubic ramus just inf. to lesser Iliopubic ramus, Pectineal line trochanter femoral n., L2-4 Adductor R. Femur (ant. view) (medial) R. Tibia (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 17 ASIS Sartorius ASIS med. side of upper end of tibia femoral n., L2-4 Flexor of hip, Abductor of thigh R. Femur (ant. view) (medial) R. Tibia (anterior view)Muscle: Lower 18 Adductor group of Hip Superficial layer: 1) Adductor longus 2) Gracilis Deep layer 3) Obturator externus 4) Adductor brevis 5) Adductor magnus obturator n. (L2-4); Add. magnus by tibial of sciatic n. (L4-5) Muscle: Lower 19 Adductor longus just inf. to pubic tubercle med. linea aspera Obturator n. R. Femur Adductor Pubic tubercle Linea aspera (ant. view) (medial) R. Tibia (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 20 Gracilis inf. ramus of pubis med. side of tibia, post. to R. Femur sartorius (ant. view) Main action: knee flexor; adductor inf. ramus (medial) R. Tibia (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 21 Obturator externus lat. surface obturator membrane trochanteric fossa Obturator n Lateral rotator; Adductor R. Femur (ant. view) (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 22 Adductor brevis inf pubic ramus linea aspera (most inf to the insertion of adductor longus) Obturator n Adductor R. Femur (ant. view) (medial) Tibia (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 23 Adductor magnus inf. ischiopubic ramus linea aspera (lesser trochanter to adductor R. Femur (ant. view) tubercle), with adductor hiatus Obturator n; Tibial (Ant. View) of sciatic n (Post. View) Adductor adductor hiatus Muscle: Lower 24 Femoral a., etc. Femoral triangle Above: Inguinal lig. Inguinal lig. Lateral: Sartorius lat. Medial: Adductor longus with femoral a., v., lymphatics in femoral sheath Sartorius med. Adductor longus R. Femoral △ (ant. view) Muscle: Lower 25 Adductors of thigh Muscle: Lower 26 Extensors of Knee Quadriceps femoris: patella tibial tuberosity a) Rectus femoris b) Vastus lateralis c) Vastus medialis d) Vastus intermedialis e) [Articularis genus] Muscle: Lower 27 Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis a) Rectus femoris: AIIS b) Vastus lateralis: lat. linea aspera c) Vastus medialis: med. linea aspera (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 28 Vastus intermedialis upper 2/3 of ant. lat. Femur patella (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 29 Quadriceps Muscle: Lower 30 Flexors of Knee joint 1) Biceps femoris 2) Semitendinosus 3) Semimembranosus 4) Popliteus N: tibial division of sciatic N Muscle: Lower 31 Biceps femoris long head: ischial tuberosity short head: linea aspera head of fibula Long: tibial; short: fibular of sciatic n. Flexor of knee; Extensor of thigh (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 32 Semitendinosus ischial tuberosity med. aspect of upper end of tibia (post. to sartorius and gracilis; deep to that of semimembranosus) L5-S2: tibial of sciatic n Flex leg; Extend thigh (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 33 Semimembranosus ischial tuberosity fascial expansion to post. aspect of med. condyle of tibia L5-S2: tibial of sciatic n Flex knee; extend thigh (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 34 Popliteus tendinous origin lat. condyle from lat. condyle of femur, attaches to lat. lemniscus post. aspect of upper tibia (above soleal line) L4-S1: Tibial Flex knee (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 35 Flexors of Knee joint 1) Biceps femoris 2) Semitendinosus 3) Semimembranosus 4) Popliteus Action: 1-3 extend hip, flex knee [Hamstring muscles]; 4 is a weak flexor of knee. Muscle: Lower 36 Dorsiflexors (deep peroneal, fibular n., L4-S1) 1) Tibialis anterior 2) Extensor digitorum longus 3) Extensor hallucis longus 4) Peroneus tertius Muscle: Lower 37 Tibialis anterior lat. condyle + lat. tibia + interosseous membrane med. cuneiform, 1st metatarsal (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 38 Extensor digitorum longus lat. condyle, tibia + ant. fibula + interosseous memb. extensor expansion, lat.4 digits (Right, ant.- lat. view) (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 39 Extensors of foot Extensor hallucis longus: Fibula + interosseous memb. base of distal phalanx of great toe Peroneus tertius: Fibula base of 5th metatarsal (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 40 Dorsiflexors (deep peroneal n., L4-S1) 1) Tibialis anterior 2) Extensor digitorum longus 3) Extensor hallucis longus 4) Peroneus tertius Extensor retinaculum at the ankle Action: in addition to dorsiflexion; tibialis ant. inverts foot peroneus tertius everts foot Muscle: Lower 41 Everters of the foot 1) Peronens longus 2) Peroneus brevis peroneal compartment superficial peroneal n. Muscle: Lower 42 Peronens longus around lat. malleolus med. Cuneiform + 1st metatarsal (loops at the groove for Peroneus long on Cuboid) (Right, anterior view) Muscle: Lower 43 Peroneus brevis around lat.malleolus 5th metatarsal (Right, ant. – lat. view) Muscle: Lower 44 Plantar flexors (tibial n.) Muscle inserting into the calcaneum 1) Gastroenemius 2) Plantaris 3) Soleus (L4-SI) Muscles inserting into the sole 4) Tibialis posterior (L4,5) 5) Flexor digitorum longus (L4-S1) 6) Flexor hallucis longus (L4-S1) Muscle: Lower 45 Gastroenemius two heads from femur calcaneal tendon Tibial n. (S1, 2) (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 46 Plantaris & Soleus Underneath gastronemius Plantaris: lat. condyle of femur calcaneum Soleus: soleal line, tibia, fibula calcaneal tendon (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 47 (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 48 Tibialis posterior Interosseous mem.; tendon around med. malleolus tuberosity of navicular + cuneiform (med.+ intermediate) L4,5 (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 49 Flexor digitorum longus medial, post. surface of tibia around med. malleolus 5 tendons, one joins flexor hallucis longus tendon, the others to base of distal phalanx of the lateral 4 digits. L4-S1 (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 50 Flexor hallucis longus inf. post. fibula and interosseous membrane; its tendon grooves caleaneum (sustentaculum tali) distal phalanx of great toe L4-S1 (posterior view) Muscle: Lower 51 Posterior compartment Muscle: Lower 52 Muscles of foot: Dorsum Extensor digitorum brevis; Extensor hallucis brevis (deep peroneal n., S2-3) Calcaneum (ant. dorsal surface), Inf. ext. retinaculum 1 tendon to great toe (prox. phalanx: extensor hallucis brevis) 3 tendons to 2-4 toes (dorsal expansion) (anterior view) Muscle: Lower 53 Muscles of Limbs Joints and Digits Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, Fingers Hip, Knee, Ankle, Toes Compartments: Anterior, Posterior, (Lateral, Medial) Groups: Extensor, Flexor Abductor, Adductor Rotator Supinator, Pronator Muscle: Lower 54