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Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development EASTERN REGION Eastern Region of India West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand 107 districts 22% to the total population 2.5% to the TGA of India 1455 Blocks 21,818 panchayats Eastern region : At a Glance Jharkhand Orissa West Bengal Bihar Geographic area (in 79,714 sq km) 1,55,707 88,752 94163 Populations 2,69,09,428 36,804,660 80176197 82878796 Population Density 338 per/sq Km 236 per/sq km 903/sq km 880/sq km ST 28% 22% 5.4% 16% SC 12% 16.5% 23% 1% Rainfall >900mm >1000mm >1000mm >1000mm BPL% 54% 47.15% 27.02% 42.6% Agro-climatic Zones Land use Categories/ states West Bengal Orissa Bihar including Jharkhand Total geographical area (in 000 hectares) 8875 15571 17388 Reporting area for land cultivation 8696 15571 17330 Forests 1195 5606 2949 Not available for cultivation 1659 1456 3390 Permanent pasture and grazing land 8 534 107 Land under misc. trees crops and groves 80 774 337 Culturable wasteland 50 445 353 Fallow land other then current fallow 29 336 962 Current fallows 212 452 1895 Net sown area 5463 5968 7337 Agro ecological regions Rainfall (mm) Potential Evapotranspiration Length of Growing period (in days) Other features South Bihar PlainHot, Dry Sub humid 1000-1200 1300-1500 150-180 •Salinity •Alkaline ground water Chottanagpur plateau and Garhjat hills-Hot, dry ,moist & subhumid 1200-1500 1400-1600 180-210 •Low productivity •Deficiency of micronutrients •Phosphorus fixation •Low productivity •Severe erosion •Un-bunded uplands •Soil gravelliness Eastern ghats, hot moist-sub humid 1200-1600 1400-1700 180-210 •Severe erosion hazard •P fixation •Deficiency of micro nutrients AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE VII- EASTERN PLATEAU & HILLS REGION • Development of suitable crop, livestock mixed farming system technology. • Integrated watershed management involving water harvesting , pond, recycling for production of crops for drylands in the zone. • Developing of suitable technology for increasing production of dryland fruits. • Development of suitable agroforestry and farming system based on livestock and crops specially for small and marginal farmers of the region AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE IV- MIDDLE-GANGETIC PLAIN REGION • Developing suitable farming systems for heavy soils • Development of suitable cultivation technology for paddy–wheatmaize system. • Specific research efforts on magnesium action dominated soil salinity problems of the region Jharkhand- Overview Lowest on Social Development Index (0.01 – 0.3) Lowest on infrastructure development index (0.01- 0.1). Per capita net production of cereals for India is 523 gms/day. Whereas in Jharkhand the per capita production is 230 gms/day which is lower than 318.40 gms/day which is the per capital availability in Bihar The productivity of the crops in Jharkhand is below the national average with respect to cereals and oilseeds. The current level of productivity is very low and is about 0.98 tones per Ha with the lowest productivity in the agro climatic zone five (0.72 tones/Ha) The average yield of paddy and wheat, the two major crops of kharif and Rabi seasons varies between 9-12 q/ha compared to national average of 23.3 q for paddy and 18.7 q/ha Livelihood basket Private land Food security from agriculture (partial mostly) Income from Mahua, Lac, Karanj, char and mango etc Income from Forest NTFP and sale of firewood Tubers and roots for food Income/support from Common Property Resource Income from livestock Wage Labour Local Migration Weak links in the livelihood basket Low agricultural productivity Practice of subsistence agriculture under adverse and risky conditions Poor soil and water resource condition Lack of access to inputs Poorly/ non managed CPR Leading to High incidence of wasteland and severe rural poverty Problem Tree FOOD SECURITY Agriculture Forest Livelihood Govt. Entitlements Service / Business Livestock Wage Labour AGRICULTURE MONOCROPPING TOPOGRAPHY INSUFFCIENT AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION DEFAULT CROP MANAGEMENT PRACTICE EROSION SMALL LAND HOLDING POOR SOIL CONDITION CREDIT AVAILABILITY DYFUNCT PDS SYSTEM RAINFED AGRICULTURE ERRATIC RAINFALL LESS WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES AND MANAGEMENT FAMILY SIZE RECURRING DROUGHT UNBUNDED UPLANDS INSUUFFCIENT NUTRIENT APPLICATION INSUFFICIENT ORGANIC MANURE REDUCING NUMBER OF CATTLE POPULATION UNAWARE ABOUT THE ALTERNATIVES FOR MANURING UNAWARE ABOUT BEST AGRICULTURE PRACTICE SHIFT FROM DRYLAND CROPS TOWARDS WATER INTENSIVE CROPS FOREST LESS AVAILABILITY FUELWOOD DEPENDENTS INCREASED DECREASE IN FOREST COVER NO CONSERVATION/ PLANTATION PLAN LESS AVAILABILITY NTFP LESS AVAILABILITY FODDER LESS AVAILABILITY FOOD FOREST FIRE LOSS OF DIVERSITY POOR IMPLEMENTATION OF FRA LIVESTOCK SMALL RUMINANT INSUFFCIENT CARE BIG RUMINANT INSUFFICIENT AVAILABILITY OF FEED AND FODDER INCIDENCE OF EPIDEMICS LOW PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY FOREST DEPLETION HIGH MORTALITY RATE DECREASING COMMON LAND AREA FROM THE LENS Topography and Cropping system System deg. Upl Soil Rocky,loa SL with my sand gravel SL, Sclay SL Loam Soil depth shallow shallow Shallow oderate moderate moderate deep Avaiable soil moisture 150-175 mm 200-225 mm 200-225 mm 225-250 mm 250-275 mm 300-375 mm Fertility low low medium low Low to medium Med. To high Cropping system Deg. Forest, not cultivated Fallow Gora, minor millets Double,ri ce,maize, potato,ve getable Mono, ricemedium duration Monorice- long duration Monorice-long duration Erosion, water scarcity Small Lack of plot, lack water of IP&NM Lack of water Poor drainage Problems Erosion, drought Upl tanr Upl badi Mid- upl Mediumla Low land nd Sclay loam Clay loam APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES Staggered trench Upland treatment (30’ x 40’ Model) Medium land treatment (5% Model) Home stead land (Hapa) Small Dug well Tank renovation/excavation Micro lift irrigation Staggered Trench after treatment Checked Soil Erosion & Run off Water Improve Moisture and Soil Fertility Converted into Productivity Land Checked Soil Erosion Increased Moisture in the Upland Area Increasing Fertility In The Land Converted Into Agricultural Land Checked The Run off Water Assure Mixed Cropping SABAI CULTIVATION Assured Paddy Cultivation Transplanting Paddy in Proper Time Irrigation In Dry Spell Pisciculture in the Pit Increased Ground Water Assured Second Crop Cultivation Checked Run Off Water Increase in Production Drought Coping Mechanisms Crop diversification Varietal diversification Storage of food and seeds Livelihood diversification Country State District Name Geographical location and coverage Total no of population and HH of target villages No of HH covered Selection criteria –why was the area selected INDIA BIHAR Gaya / Nawada South Bihar, Magadh Region 2700 300 DPAP district, Dalit & Maha dalit concentration, Dryland agriculture prospect WEST BENGAL Purulia Western region of West Bengal 3750 750 DPAP district, Dalit & Maha dalit concentration, Dryland agriculture prospect JHARKHAND Ranchi South Chotanagpur 2700 300 Moderately Secure Hazaribag North Chotanagpur North Chotanagpur 3750 750 Moderately Secure 1200 300 Moderately Secure 1800 1800 300 300 Very Insecure Moderately Secure 1250 250 Very Insecure 1250 250 Insecure 2500 2500 25200 500 500 4500 Insecure Extremely Insecure Ramgarh West Singhbhum Khunti South Chotanagpur Gumla South Chotanagpur Lohardaga South Chotanagpur Giridih Santhal Pargana Sahebganj Santhal Pargana TOTAL FOOD SECURITY OUTCOME (FSO) STATUS Based on Food security atlas of Rural Jharkhand by UNFP & IHD Secure Moderately Secure Insecure Very Insecure Extremely Insecure Bokaro Ranchi Godda Chatra Sahibganj Dhanbad Deoghar Lohardaga Palamu Garhwa East Singhbhum Hazaribag Pakur West Singhbhum Ramgarh Koderma Gumla Khunti Dumka Giridih Result 1: Farm level action Need to further break it according to land type Upland- Mostly acidic(jharkhand), field bunding, bringing more area under dryland crops millets, pulses, oilseeds and maize Mixed cropping Increase in biomass cultivation on denuded uplands Green manuring crops on uplands and field bunds Nitrogen fixing crops Mediumland Need to promote medium duration crop System of rice intensification Nitrogen fixing crops on residual moisture Lowland Action for promoting Food security Need to propagate multiple compost systems Nutritional garden in the BADI upland Vegetable cultivation through micro irrigation Documentation of present diversity and practices Group farming Grain bank and seed bank Promotion of Poultry and small ruminants Action Research to be undertaken to screen potential local varieties( as per tillering potential, drought resistance, pest resistance and productivity) Action research for introducing some principles of intensification in pulses and millets Actions for Food security… Green manuring and fodder shrubs and trees on field bunds IPM and INM practices module for different crop type needs to be developed( use of self cultivated and forest produce, mahua cake, neem cake, karanj cake, kusum cake, mustard cake for nutrient management) Mulching and minimum tillage practices will be used to make maximum use of residual moisture after kharif crop Soil testing needs to be done for better nutrient management Action research on a contiguous patch of 25-30 acres in each agroclimatic sub-zone. Crops for upland- Pulses, maize, millets( finger millet, kodo, kutki, gondli Productivity low- 0.3 to 0.6 t/ha oilseeds; 0.4 t/ha to 0.6 t/ha (millets); 0.5 to 1 t/ha pulses higher for maize 1.3t/ha Lac cultivation Community Farming in Siyari THANKING YOU