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What is Chemistry? The branch of science concerned with the properties of substances and the interactions between different types of matter. Why is learning about chemistry important? Using detergents to clean clothes Determining which medication is appropriate and the dosage Cooking and baking What’s an Atom? Atoms are the smallest part of an element that has the chemical properties of the element. A single atom has mass and takes up space. Components of an Atom Nucleus The center portion of an atom containing the protons and neutrons Protons Positively charged atomic particles Neutrons Uncharged atomic particles Electrons Negatively charged atomic particles that orbit the nucleus How Matter is Organized Mixtures · Mixtures are composed of two or more different substances that retain their own individual properties and are combined physically (mixed together). · Mixtures can be separated by physical means (filtration, sifting, or evaporation). · Mixtures may be heterogeneous or homogeneous. Mixtures Continued. . . o In a heterogeneous mixture, which is not uniform throughout, the component substances can be visibly distinguished. o In a homogeneous mixture, which is uniform throughout, the substances are evenly mixed and cannot be visibly distinguished. The particles of the substances are so small that they cannot be easily seen. Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution. What is the difference between a chemist and chemical engineer? Chemist A chemist studies chemicals, matter and its properties, and atoms in order to understand how elements join together to form different substances. Chemical Engineer Works in collaboration with chemists to develop chemicals for useful purposes. What does a chemist do? • Chemists study atoms and how they join together • Chemists use their knowledge of how atoms combine to discover new products • Chemists work to develop new drugs to treat diseases • Chemists also work in the oil industry to find better ways to refine oil to make fuel burn cleaner Chemical Engineers… are concerned with air quality, pollution and atmosphere conditions. Chemical Engineers… Help solve problems related to world hunger Chemical Engineers… Develop new sources of environmentally clean energy. Chemical Engineers… Produce pharmaceuticals as well as lifesaving devices such as the artificial kidney. Chemical Engineers… Develop processes and chemicals to make food less expensive, safer and with higher yields. Chemical Engineers… Design industrial facilities that provide materials, petroleum products and plastics. Chemical Engineers study… • • • • • • • • • Chemistry Mathematics Physics Biology Geology Economics Political science Psychology Computer science Industries for which a Chemical Engineer may work: • Pharmaceuticals – Large scale manufacturing of drugs – Economical and safe manufacturing • Materials – Shampoo that leaves your hair shinier – Athletic clothing that absorbs sweat • Alternative energy – Solar power – Bio-fuels • Manufacturing – Food – Plastics • Health Care – Lotions – Make-up Image Resources Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip Art. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx