Download Population Limits and Dynamics Definitions: Niche: The function or

Population Limits and Dynamics
Definitions:
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Niche:
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The function or position of an organism within an ecological community.
The particular area within a habitat occupied by an organism.
Biome:
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A major regional or global biotic community, such as a grassland or desert, characterised
chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate.
Populations:
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Recall that a population is the amount of species in an ecosystem.
What would cause the human population on Earth to change?
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What would cause the human population of Burlington to change?
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Birth and deaths
Births, deaths, immigration, emigration
Earth is a Closed Population since organisms cannot enter or leave.
Burlington is an Open Population since they can enter or leave.
Limits on Populations
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There are natural limits to the size of populations
For example, in 6 months, 20 mice could become 5120 mice, but a moose could not even
produce once in that time
Biotic Potential:
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Biotic potential is the maximum amount of organisms that a species could produce if
resources were unlimited.
There are 4 main factors that affect the biotic potential of a species:
○ Birth Potential: The maximum number of offspring per year.
○ Capacity for Survival: How many members of that species reach reproductive age.
○ Procreation: Times per year a species reproduces.
○ Length of Reproductive Cycle: How long the species is sexually viable.
Density Dependant and Independant Factors:
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There are 2 classes of limiting factors:
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Density Dependant:
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Factors that affect a population because of its size or density
• Ex: Amount of food, amount of clean water, disease
Density Independent:
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Factors that affect a population regardless of its size
• Ex: Fire, flood, etc.
Carrying Capacity:
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The maximum number of individuals of a species that can be supported indefinitely by an
ecosystem
The population of a species naturally varies over time
But communities tend to remain fairly stable:
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When they are stable, they are said to be in equilibrium
The carrying capacity is determined by the limiting factors in an ecosystem
An organism can exceed its carrying capacity temporarily, but will eventually return to it
Predator-Prey Relationships:
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The populations of predators and prey are directly related to each other
In general:
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If the number of prey goes up, the number of predators will go up soon after
If the number of prey goes down, the number of predators will go down
If no, or few, predators exist, the population will grow out of control (Rabbits at University
of Victoria)
Depending on the number of different prey the predator feeds on, the relationship can either
be strong or weak
For example:
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If chickens became extinct, our population would likely not change much
If grass became extinct, the population of cows would plummet
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration:
Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (sunlight) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP)
CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
H2O = Water
C6H12O6 = Glucose (sugar)
O2 = Oxygen Gas
Population Limits and Dynamics
Definitions:
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Niche:
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The ______________ or position of an organism within an ecological community.
The particular ______________ within a habitat occupied by an organism.
Biome:
○
A major regional or global _____________ community, such as a grassland or desert,
characterised chiefly by the dominant forms of _______ life and the prevailing climate.
Populations:
●
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Recall that a population is the amount of _____________ in an ecosystem.
What would cause the human population on Earth to change?
○
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What would cause the human population of Burlington to change?
○
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__________ and _____________
_______________, _____________, ________________, ________________
Earth is a ______________ Population since organisms cannot enter or leave.
Burlington is an _____________ Population since they can enter or leave.
Limits on Populations
●
●
There are natural limits to the size of populations
For example, in 6 months, 20 mice could become 5120 mice, but a moose could not even
produce once in that time
Biotic Potential:
●
●
Biotic potential is the maximum amount of ______________ that a species could produce if
resources were _____________.
There are 4 main factors that affect the biotic potential of a species:
○ Birth Potential: The maximum number of ________________ per year.
○ Capacity for Survival: How many members of that species reach ______________ age.
○ Procreation: ____________ per year a species reproduces.
○ Length of Reproductive Cycle: How long the species is ________________ viable.
Density Dependant and Independant Factors:
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There are 2 classes of limiting factors:
○
Density Dependant:
•
○
Factors that affect a ___________________ because of its size or density
• Ex: Amount of food, amount of clean water, disease
Density Independent:
•
Factors that affect a population _________________ of its size
• Ex: Fire, flood, etc.
Carrying Capacity:
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The maximum number of ___________________ of a species that can be supported
indefinitely by an ecosystem
The population of a species naturally ____________ over time
But communities tend to remain fairly stable:
○
When they are stable, they are said to be in _________________
The carrying capacity is determined by the _____________ ____________ in an ecosystem
An organism can exceed its carrying capacity temporarily, but will eventually return to it
Predator-Prey Relationships:
●
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The populations of predators and prey are directly ________________ to each other
In general:
○
○
●
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If the number of prey goes ________, the number of predators will go _____ soon after
If the number of prey goes down, the number of predators will go down
If no, or few, predators exist, the population will grow out of control (Rabbits at University
of Victoria)
Depending on the number of different prey the predator feeds on, the relationship can either
be strong or weak
For example:
○
○
If chickens became extinct, our population would likely not change much
If grass became extinct, the population of cows would plummet
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration:
Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (______________) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (_________)
CO2 = ____________ _______________
H2O = _______________
C6H12O6 = ____________________
O2 = _____________ ___________