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Classification & Taxonomy Day 1 Classification Used to: 1) Name organisms 2) Group organisms in logical order **Quick Write Activity: Answer the following in your notes:** Why do we need a standard system for naming things? (get stamps from teacher) Taxonomy = scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name Carolus Linnaeus =Father of taxonomy; He developed binomial nomenclature Binomial Nomenclature = each species assigned a two part scientific name Rules 1. Always written in ITALICS 2. First letter of first word capitalized (Genus) 3. Second word all lower case (species) 4. First word= genus 5. Second word=species 6. Always in Latin Example: Homo sapien ( Humans ) Hierarchical System Taxon= each level in system KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamily GenusSpecies King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup Phylogeny = study of evolutionary relationships among organism A.K.A Cladogram **There are 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms** Bacteria •Kingdom: Eubacteria Archae •Kingdom: Archaebacteria Eukarya •Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Domain Bacteria -Only Kingdom=Eubacteria -Characteristics • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Thick ridged cell wall made of peptidoglycan -Two types • Aerobes= need oxygen • Anaerobes= do NOT need oxygen Domain Archae - Only Kingdom= Archaebacteria - Characteristics • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Live in extreme environments Example: volcanic hot springs • Cell walls LACK peptidoglycan - Most are anaerobes Prokaryotic Cells Review 1. Only bacterial cells 2. Do not have a nucleus 3. DNA is found in the cytoplasm 4. Do not have membrane bound organelles Classification & Taxonomy Day 2 Domain Eukarya - All are Eukaryotic cells -Has 4 Kingdoms 1) Protista 2) Fungi 3) Plantae 4) Animalia Kingdom Protista -Eukaryotic -Great variety -Characteristics • Most are single celled • Photosynthetic or heterotrophic Kingdom Fungi -Eukaryotic Characteristics: • Heterotrophs • Most feed on dead or decaying matter • Most are multicellular but some are unicellular Kingdom Plantae -Eukaryotic Characteristics: • Multicellular • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Cells contain chloroplast • Non-motile • Cell walls contain cellulose Kingdom Animalia -Eukaryotic -Very diverse Characteristics: •Multicellular heterotrophs • Do NOT have cell walls • Most move about during at least part of their life cycle Eukaryotic Cells Review -More complex -Have nucleus -DNA found in nucleus -Have membrane bound organelles -Animals, plants, fungi, and protists