Download past perfect continuous


Quoted speech is EXACTLY what the person
said.
◦ Joshua said, “I need to take a taxi.”

Quotation marks are used.
◦ Capitalize the first word of the quoted sentence.
◦ Put the quotation marks outside of the period at the
end of the sentence.





“My brother is a student. He is attending a
university,” she said.
“My brother is a student,” she said. “ He is
attending a university.”
“My brother,” said Anna, “is a student.”
“When will he be here?” Tom asked.
She said, “Watch out!”


Reported speech is often also called indirect
speech.
The verbs therefore usually have to be in the
past too. For example:
◦ "I'm going to the cinema".
He said he was going to the cinema.
present simple
I'm a teacher.
past simple
He said he was a teacher.
present continuous
I'm having lunch with my
parents.
present perfect simple
I've been to France three
times.
past continuous
He said he was having lunch
with his parents.
past perfect simple
He said he had been to
France three times.
present perfect continuous
I've been working very hard.
past perfect continuous
He said he had been
working very hard.
past simple
I bought a new car.
past continuous
It was raining earlier.
past perfect
The play had started when I
arrived.
past perfect continuous
I'd already been living in
London for five years.
past perfect
He said he had bought a
new car.
past perfect continuous
He said it had been raining
earlier.
past perfect
The play had started when I
had arrived.
past perfect continuous
I'd already been living in
London for five years
will
I'll come and see you soon.
can
I can swim under water for
two minutes.
must
All tickets must be bought in
advance.
may
May I smoke?
would
He said he would come and
see me soon.
could
He said he could swim under
water for two minutes.
had to
He said that all tickets had to
be bought in advance.
might
He asked if he might smoke.
positive imperative
Shut up!
tell + infinitive
He told me to shut up.
negative imperative
Don't do that again!
tell + not + infinitive
He told me not to do it
again.
ask + infinitive
He asked me to give him
some money.
imperatives as requests
Please give me some
money.


If the reporting verb is in the present tense,
there is no change in the reported sentence.
Also, a sentence in direct speech in a present
or future tense can remain the same if what is
said is still true or relevant.
◦ He said, “The trip will be tomorrow.”
◦ He says that the trip will be tomorrow.

You've invited someone for dinner at your
house, and the phone rings.
◦ They say:
I'm sorry, but I think I'm going to be a bit late.
There's a lot of traffic.

After you finish speaking on the phone, you
say to someone else:
◦ That was Juan. He said he thinks he's going to be
late because there's a lot of traffic

Direct statements in a past tense do not
always change either, because a change
might alter the meaning or just make it sound
confusing.
◦ “It started raining heavily when I left work.”
◦ He said it had started raining heavily when he had
left work (it sounds horrible and the sentence is
almost nothing but verbs).
◦ “It started raining heavily when I left work.”
◦ He said it had started raining heavily when he left
work (is wrong because it means it was already
raining when he left work)
◦ He said it started raining heavily when he left work
(is the best version because it is accurate, short,
and there is no confusion because of the time
context)
Kathy asked, Is Jim in his office?”
o
0%
N
0%
s
2.
Yes
No
Ye
1.
“I’ll see you soon,” she said.
o
0%
N
0%
s
2.
Yes
No
Ye
1.
“Have you finished your exams?,”
Mark asked Tom.
o
0%
N
0%
s
2.
Yes
No
Ye
1.
Maria whispered to Mary, “did you study
for the test?”
o
0%
N
0%
s
2.
Yes
No
Ye
1.
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needs
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has needed
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Don’t move.
Not to move.
I had better not
move.
D
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2.
Had finished
Has finished
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Finishes
H
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2.
Am going to call
Was going to call
Would call
A
1.
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H
M
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3.
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Has to
Must
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c
2.
Watched
Will watch
Watches
W
1.