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Imperialism: American Style U.S. Foreign Policy at the Turn of the Century Imperialism Expansion by acquiring ownership /control over colonial areas/protectorates for economic, military, religious, or nationalist reasons. Reasons for… Invest surplus capital – ½ Billion by 1900 Obtain raw materials Control Export Markets Establish naval and military bases Send missionaries to make converts Compete for world power Philosophy of American Imperialism Monroe Doctrine, 1823 Manifest Destiny, 1840’s Political Darwinism Racial Superiority Spread of Democracy Blaine’s Pan-Americanism Roosevelt Corollary—hemisphere policemen Alfred Mahan—Building A World Class Navy Influence of Sea Power Upon History Book by Alfred T. Mahan – President of Naval War College, 1885 – Thesis—the great imperial nations of the past had gained their power & prestige through naval supremacy 1880 fleet—142 wooden vessels Blaine, Sec.State>naval expansion 1900 fleet—3rd in world Differences between Old & New Expansionism Supported by urban, middle class Provided distraction from domestic problems Yellow Journalism— sensationalism of international events U.S. Territorial Acquisitions Alaska, 1867—Seward’s Ice Box Midway Islands, 1867 American Samoa, 1878 Annexation of Hawaii, 1893-1898 – Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, 1878 – Queen Liliuokalani – Dole Revolution – Republic then annexation U.S. Foreign Policy Perry Ends Japanese Isolationism, 1853 Hay’s Open Door Policy with China, 1898 Spanish American War, 1898 T.R.’s Big Stick Diplomacy in L.A. 1904 U.S. Instigate Revolt in Panama, 1904 T.R. mediates peace between Russia & Japan 1905—wins Nobel Peace Prize Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy in L.A, 1909 Completion of Panama Canal, 1914 Causes: Spanish American War American investments & tariffs Cuban revolutionaries The Butcher-General Valeriano Weyler Yellow Journalism De Lome Letter Remember the Maine! War correspondents Naval Victory at Manila Bay Rough Riders Siege of Santiago The “Splendid Little War” Effects of War Cuban Independence, but Platt Amendment Annexation of the Philippines Filipino Insurrection Acquisition of Puerto Rico & Guam Growth of Nationalism
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