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CURRENT ELECTRICITY A current is the flow of charge. In metals, electrons flow toward the positive terminal of a cell. - + CURRENT ELECTRICITY The faster the charges flow, the greater the current. - + CIRCUITS What makes a current flow? A POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (VOLTAGE) How is the current affected by increasing the voltage? The charges will flow faster, so the current will increase. If the resistance is increased, what will happen? The charges will flow slower, so the current will decrease. + The cell gives electrical energy to the electrons The electrons use their energy to do work in the bulb The electrons return to the cell and get more energy 1. How would the readings on the ammeter and the voltmeter be affected if a second resistor, identical to the first was added in series. 12V The current will be affected by the total resistance in the circuit. If the resistance is 2A A doubled, the electrons will move twice as slowly so the new current reading will be 1A V If the charges are flowing slower less work will be done 12V as they move through each resistor, the voltage provided by the cell will be shared. The reading on the voltmeter will drop to 6V. 2. How would the readings on the ammeter (initially 2A) and the voltmeter (initially 12V) be affected if a second resistor, identical to the first was added in parallel? 12V Every electron will have 12V to use to do work, but it has a choice of two paths A V to take. The voltmeter reading will still read 12V. The voltage across the second branch of this parallel circuit will also be 12V. The cell in this circuit will run down faster than one attached to a series circuit. It is, essentially, being used by two circuits at the same time. The current drawn will be twice as large. The ammeter will read 4A. This will split up and 2A will then flow through each branch.