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Muscles of the Spine Latissimus Dorsi • Origin: • Spinous process of T6 through T12 and Lumbar vertebrae • Insertion: • Intertubercular groove of the Humerus • Inferior portion of scapula • Action: • Lateral trunk flexion • Anterior rotation of the pelvis Trapezius Trapezius • Upper 1/3: • Origin: • Occipital protuberance • Spinous process of C7 • Insertion: • Distal/lateral 1/3 of Clavicle • Acromion Process • Action • Elevation of Scapula • Upward rotation of Scapula • Rotation of Scapula to the opposite side Trapezius • Middle 1/3: • Origin: • Spinous processes of the 7th cervical vertebrae, & T1-T5 • Insertion: • Acromion Process • Spine of the scapula (superior-lateral border) • Action: • Retraction of scapula • Fixation of thoracic spine Trapezius • Lower 1/3: • Origin: • Spinous processes & Supraspinal ligaments of T8-T12 • Insertion: • Spine of Scapula (medial portion) • Action: • Depression of Scapula • Retraction of Scapula • Fixation of thoracic spine Serratus Anterior Serratus Anterior • Origin: • Anterior surface of the first 8-9 ribs • Insertion: • Anterior surface of medial border of scapula • Action: • Abducts (protracts) and upwardly rotates scapula; stabilizes scapula Iliocostalis • Origin: • Iliac Crest, Ribs 3-12 • Insertion: • Ribs 1-12, Transvers processes of C4-C7 • Actions: • Laterally Flexes, extends the spine Longissimus • Origin: • Common erector spinae tendon, Transverse processes of T1-T5, Articular processes of C5-C6 • Insertion: • Transverse processes of T3-T12, Ribs 1-12, Transverse processes of C2-C6, Mastoid process of skull • Actions: • Extension & lateral bending of spine, extension of skull and cervical spine, rotation of the face toward same side Rhomboids • Major: • Origin: • Spinous Processes of T2-T5 • Insertion: • Vertebral border of scapula (lower 2/3) • Minor: • Origin: • Spinous Processes of C7-T1 • Insertion: • Vertebral border of scapula (upper 1/3) • Actions: • Retraction, elevation, downward rotation of scapula; Fixation of thoracic spine