Download File - Mrs. Hopkins History Class

Age of Jackson
This, and what you learned from your DBQ
are what you need to know...
TEKS 8.5F: explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including
expanded suffrage
Jacksonian Era and Expanded Suffrage
●Suffrage was expanded by dropping the
requirement that voters own property (land)
●New states to the union have no property
requirements
●Older states began dropping the land ownership
requirement
●By 1828 nearly all white male citizens could vote
TEKS 8.5C: explain the origin and development of American political parties
Jacksonian Democracy
Jackson and his supporters
begin to form around central
ideas
By 1830s a new political party
formed with Andrew Jackson
as leader; the modern
Democratic Party
1st known publication showing a donkey
representing the Democratic Party in a
cartoon by Thomas Nast - 1870
Write in your margin:
The Whig Party arises in
opposition to the Democrats. It
is led by Henry Clay.
TEKS 8.5F: explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including
expanded suffrage
Jacksonian Democracy
Jackson and his supporters
begin to form around central
ideas
By 1830s a new political party
formed with Andrew Jackson
as leader; the modern
Democratic Party
TEKS 8.5F: explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including
expanded suffrage
Principles of the Democratic Party:
● Expanded suffrage
● Manifest Destiny
● Patronage (also known as the spoils System):
○ policy of placing political supporters into appointed offices
○ rotating political appointees in and out of office was good for
democracy
○ would encourage political participation by the common man
○ often resulted in appointments based on support rather than ability
to do the job
● Strict Construction of the Constitution
● Hands - off approach to the economy
TEKS 8.5G: analyze the reasons for the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians during the
Jacksonian Era, including the Indian Removal Act, Worcester v. Georgia, and the Trail of Tears.
Worcester v. Georgia: The Supreme
Court case that ruled the Cherokee were
entitled to their land and that Georgia
could not regulate Indian lands.
The ruling was ignored by the state of
Georgia, and President Jackson refused
to enforce it.
TEKS 8.5G: analyze the reasons for the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians during the
Jacksonian Era, including the Indian Removal Act, Worcester v. Georgia, and the Trail of Tears.
Indian Removal Act:
A law passed in 1830 that gave the
president the power to negotiate
“Removal Treaties” with Native
American tribes, often resulting in
the forced removal of Indians to the
west
TEKS 8.5G: analyze the reasons for the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians during the
Jacksonian Era, including the Indian Removal Act, Worcester v. Georgia, and the Trail of Tears.
Trail of Tears: The name given to both
the trail many Indians traveled by to the
west and the event of forced migration
that resulted in the death of thousands
from cold and starvation.
TEKS 8.7A: analyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the United States before the Civil War
Impact of Tariff #1 - the northern states:
●Protected the growing American industry by
making imported goods more expensive
●This helped factory owners, bankers, and
promoted the growth of industry
TEKS 8.7A: analyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the United States before the Civil War
Impact of Tariff #2 - the southern states:
When planters traded cotton for manufactured
goods they had to pay the tariff
South Carolina issues the Ordinance of
Nullification leading to a conflict between states’
rights supporters and nationalists
TEKS 8.7A: analyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the United States before the Civil War
Impact of Tariff #3 - the western states:
Western states supported the tariff because it
paid for roads and canals that connected the
frontier with the populated east
TEKS 8.7D: identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and
compromises prior to the Civil War, including the roles of John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun,
Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster.
Congress
passes the
highest tariff
yet in 1828;
nicknamed the
Tariff of
South Carolina
issues the
Ordinance of
Nullification
Jackson
rejects the
ordinance and
insists South
Carolina obey
Abomination
Jackson
threatens to
send troops
to force South
Carolina to
obey
South Carolina
threatens to
secede
TEKS 8.7D: identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and
compromises prior to the Civil War, including the roles of John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun,
Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster.
Henry Clay and
others
negotiate a
compromise to
lower the tariffs
over a ten year
period
The crisis is
avoided, but the
issue is not
resolved
TEKS 8.7D: identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and
compromises prior to the Civil War, including the roles of John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun,
Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster.
The major players in the Nullification Crisis:
John Q. ● 6th President of
Signed the
Adams
the U.S.
1828 Tariff into
● Favored strong
law
federal government
TEKS 8.7D: identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and
compromises prior to the Civil War, including the roles of John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun,
Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster.
The major players in the Nullification Crisis:
John C.
Calhoun
● Jackson’s former V.P.
● Resigned and became
senator from South
Carolina
● States’ Rights Supporter
Separated
at
birth???
Leader of the
nullification
movement in South
Carolina
TEKS 8.7D: identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and
compromises prior to the Civil War, including the roles of John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun,
Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster.
The major players in the Nullification Crisis:
Henry
Clay
● Senator from Kentucky
● Former Secretary of
State
Led the
negotiations that
came up with the
Compromise of
“The Great Compromiser” 1832
TEKS 8.7D: identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and
compromises prior to the Civil War, including the roles of John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun,
Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster.
The major players in the Nullification Crisis:
Daniel
Webster
● Senator from
Massachusetts
● Favored strong
federal government
Won a debate in the
Senate against a
states’ rights senator
His ideas outline the
union first position
TEKS 8.18B: summarize the issues, decisions, and significance of landmark Supreme Court
cases, including Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden
Landmark Supreme Court Decisions
Marbury v. Madison
● Established the precedent for
Judicial Review and that the
Supreme Court has the final say
on whether a law is valid or not
● First time the Court declares a
law passed by the Congress to
be unconstitutional
TEKS 8.18B: summarize the issues, decisions, and significance of landmark Supreme Court
cases, including Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden
Landmark Supreme Court Decisions
McCulloch v. Maryland
● Maryland passed a law that taxed the branch of the
National Bank that was in Maryland
● The Court ruled that states cannot tax the
FEDERAL government
● Also upheld that the
National Bank was valid
under the Constitution
TEKS 8.18B: summarize the issues, decisions, and significance of landmark Supreme Court
cases, including Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden
Landmark Supreme Court Decisions
Gibbons v. Ogden
● Arose because of a dispute between New York
and New Jersey about shipping on the Hudson
River
● The Court ruled that only the FEDERAL
Government could regulate trade between
states
TEKS 8.18B: summarize the issues, decisions, and significance of landmark Supreme Court
cases, including Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden
Landmark Supreme Court Decisions
The common theme?
All these cases
strengthened the power of
the FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT
TEKS 8.22A: analyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the United
States such as … John Marshall…
Landmark Supreme Court Decisions
The other common theme?
Chief Justice John
Marshall presided over
all three of these cases
(and Worcester v.
Georgia too!)
TEKS 8.22A: analyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the United
States such as … John Marshall…
Chief Justice John Marshall
● Veteran of the American Revolution
● Appointed by President John Adams, a
Federalist
● Longest serving Chief Justice - 34 years!
● Responsible for ensuring that the
Judicial Branch was as powerful as
the legislative and executive branches
● His leadership on the Court ensured the
strength of the Federal government over
state governments