Download Section 8-2

Section 8-2
Carbon Compounds
Organic Compounds
• Any compound with carbon is called organic
– Exception is CO2
• Hydrocarbons
– Contain only carbon and hydrogen
– Name ends in “ane”
– Used for fuel (i.e. propane, methane, etc.)
• Structural Formulas
– Shows arrangement of elements in a compound
– Each “-” represents a shared pair
– Examples:
Isomers
• Same chemical formula, different structure
• The hydrocarbon name then begins with “iso”
• Examples:
Saturated and Unsaturated
• Saturated hydrocarbons have all single bonds
– Holding on to the maximum number of hydrogen
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double and
triple bonds
– Names end in “ene” or “yne”
– Examples:
Substituted Hydrocarbons
• Elements and Polyatomic ions can be
substituted for hydrogen
– Halogen substitution
• Freon (CCl2F2):
• Trichloroethane (C2H3Cl3)
– Alcohols
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Hydroxyl group (OH-) substitution
Names end in “ol”
Methanol (CH3OH:
Ethanol (C2H5OH):
More Substituted Hydrocarbons
– Organic Acids
• Carboxyl Group substitution (-COOH)
– Acetic acid (CH3COOH):
– Formic Acid (HCOOH):
– Esters
• Carboxyl and Hydroxyl group substitution
• Have fruity smells
• Example:
Polymers
• Organic compounds can be linked together to
form long chain molecules
– Small molecules called monomers
– Large chain called polymer
– Example: