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SUPERBUGS!
Experimental evolution of
antibiotic resistance
REVIEW
 Most
bacteria are harmful.
 Although bacteria have DNA, they lack a
nucleus.
 Bacteria are multi-cellular organisms.
REVIEW
 Pathogens
cause infectious diseases.
 Only bacteria can be pathogens.
 Cancer is an infectious disease.
REVIEW
 Flu
is treated with antibiotics.
 Antibiotics only treat bacterial infections.
 Susceptible organisms survive antibiotic
treatment.
SUSCEPTIBLE & RESISTANT
PROJECT OVERVIEW
+
Bacillus
thuringiensis
Streptomycin
PROJECT OVERVIEW
+
Bacillus
thuringiensis
Streptomycin
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
 Observe
evolution in real time
 Use good experimental design
 Complete a long-term experiment
EVOLUTION
 Change
in species over time
Genetic
Mutation
+ Predator
Susceptible
+ Antibiotic
Antibiotic
Resistant
QUESTION
 How
can we cause bacteria to evolve
antibiotic resistance?
HYPOTHESIS
 If
bacteria are grown in the presence of
antibiotic, then they will evolve
resistance.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
 Independent/Manipulated
Variable
 Dependent/Responding Variable
 Control Treatment
 Experimental Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
 Independent:
Type of environment
 Dependent: Bacterial growth
 Control: No antibiotic (Strep -)
 Experimental: Antibiotic (Strep +)
No streptomycin
+ streptomycin