Download Genetically Modified Corn

Genetically Modified Corn
Proudly present by :
Khesia Kalistyatika (H0910040)
M. Fatchurohman (H0910042)
Mita Nurul Azkia (H0910046)
Muhammad Luqman A.H (H0910048)
Nur Wahyu (H0910052)
Welcome
to the world of Genetically Modified
Foods!
First introduced in the early 1990's, Genetically
Modified Foods have since gradually become a
major part of our everyday lives.
However, most people are unaware of how much
of an impact biotechnology has on their diet…
Have you imagined, how common the practice of
genetically engineering food is around them… ??
Approximately ± 80% of American processed foods
contain some form of genetic modification.
These products include foods, feeds, medicines and
vaccines.
So what is genetic modification?
According to experts, "GM is the alteration of the
genome of plants grown for food in order to produce
crops with specific advantages."
What is agricultural
biotechnology?
Biotechnology refers to
any technique
uses living organisms, or parts of these organisms.
used to make or modify products for a practical purpose.
the examples: Modern medicine, agriculture, and industry
make use of biotechnology on a large scale
Little bit more about the
method…….
Transgenic maize (corn) has been deliberately genetically
modified (GM) to have agronomically desirable traits.
Traits that have been engineered into corn include resistance to
herbicides and resistance to insect pests, the latter being
achieved by incorporation of a gene that codes for the Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) toxin.
Hybrids with both herbicide and pest resistance have also been
produced.
Check this out,
for further GM Corn Method..
Bt corn is a variant of maize, genetically altered to
express the bacterial Bt toxin, which is poisonous to
insect pests. In the case of corn, the pest is the
European corn borer.
Making Bt corn
Agrobacterium tumefaciens induces the growth of tumours on woody
plants. These tumours are engineered by A.tumefaciens
produce a special food for the bacteria (opines) that plants normally
cannot make. These tumours arise from a unique bacterial transformation
mechanism
involving the Ti-plasmid which coordinates the random insertion of a
subset of its DNA (t-DNA) containing opine synthase genes into a plant
chromosome .
By replacing portions of the t-DNA sequence with genes of interest (such as
Cry), researchers have been able to harness this transformational
mechanism and confer new traits
to many flowering plants including grasses such as corn and rice. Crytransformed corn varieties, called ‘Bt corn’, produce sufficient levels of Cry
proteins to provide an effective measure of resistance against ECB
Expressing the toxin was achieved by inserting a
gene from the microorganism Bacillus
thuringiensis into the corn genome. This gene
codes for a toxin that causes the formation of
pores in the Lepidoptera larval digestive tract.
These pores allow naturally occurring enteric
bacteria, such as E. coli and Enterobacter, to
enter the hemocoel, where they multiply and
cause sepsis.
Engineering resistant corn. Following the insertion of a gene from
the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, corn becomes resistant to corn
borer infection. This allows farmers to use fewer insecticides
agrobacterium tumefaciens infection & gene
transfer
sfer
transgenic maize was grown commercially in
some countries, including the United States
(where 85% of the maize crop was genetically
modified), Brazil (36% GM), Argentina (83%
GM), South Africa (57% GM), Canada (84%
GM), the Philippines (19% GM) and Spain
(20% GM)
advantages
• Bt Corn and Reduction of Human Health Infections
Using genetically modified hybrids allows us to control
the ability of insects and diseases to attack our crops
while at the same time reducing our dependence on
chemical sprays that are harmful to us and to the
environment.
• A gene (Bt) from the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis can be inserted into a crop such as corn.
When a pest such as the European corn borer begins
feeding on this plant, it ingests the protein that is
encoded by the Bt gene and translated in the corn
plant. This protein forms crystals that penetrate the
cells lining the insect's gut and the insect subsequently
dies.
disadvantages
Bt Corn perhaps cause allergic, may
emerge unknown new protein
combination.
 elevates blood sugar levels
 it raises concentrations of fatty
substances called triglycerides

Does Bt Corn have high risk to human living ?
Scientists haven’t been able to find any good reason why
we shouldn’t eat genetically modified corn.
Experiment shows how rat’s kidney and liver function
which ate GM corn were impaired!!! Because:
it elevates rat’s blood sugar levels
it raises concentrations of fatty substances called
triglycerides
how the impact for human? ................
Same affect for human, and it is probably raising the risk
of damaging organs. Clearly not proof of toxicity, but signs
of toxicity. There is no acute toxicity
Market’s paradigm about GM Corn
• industrial farmers in the north are pushing the
government to ease the establishment of
commercial transgenic corn operations
• The transnational is claiming that its modified
corn seeds are the only solution to scarcity
and rising grain price
 We
are thankfull for the sophisticated of
genetically modified food, especially Corn. From Bt
Corn we obtain adventages too. For eco-friendly
aspect we don’t use chemical sprays anymore in
controlling insect. But we realize that all artificial
foods aren’t good for our healty if we consume it
continously, and sometimes it brings resistance
impact for insect. We prefer to consume natural
corn for our safety.
 Just advice, suppose you consume GM Corn
adequately. If you are ‘R n D’ wanna be, please
use Bt Corn dosis properly because we don’t know
exactly other effects will be.