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UNIT 1 – THE UNIVERSE TEST REVIEW
LESSON 1:
1. Composition of our Universe:
a. What is the difference between a star, a galaxy, and the universe?
b. Galaxies:
i. What are the four types of galaxies? Draw a picture of each.
2. Earth
a. What makes Earth able to sustain life unlike other planets in our solar
system?
3. Our Solar System
a. What are several components of our solar system?
b. What is a planet? How many planets are in our solar system?
c. What’s the difference between the terrestrial planets and gas giants?
d. What is the correct order of the planets based on distance from the sun?
e. What changes about the spacing or distance between the planets’ orbits as
you move farther from the sun?
4. Distance and Structure of our Universe
a. How are distances measured in space?
b. Why would light of stars seen in our night sky be considered old light?
i. What is the structure of our universe? What is the difference
between clusters and superclusters? What is a void?
LESSON 2:
1. Basic Information on Stars:
a. What is a star? What is happening within the core? What is created
through this process?
b. What two gases are stars primarily made of?
c. How are stars different from one another?
2. Stellar Temperatures
a. List the colors of stars in order from hottest to coolest.
3. Our Star – The Sun
a. Draw a picture of the sun. Label the four areas.
b. Other than the core, what is the hottest area of our sun?
c. Which area of the sun do we see during the day? When can we see the
other areas of the sun?
4. Stellar Brightness & Luminosity
a. What is the difference between brightness and luminosity?
b. How is apparent magnitude different from absolute magnitude?
c. How does the scale work for both of these systems? (In other words, how
are the brightest stars ranked? How are the dimmest stars ranked?)
d. Why would a star have a greater absolute magnitude than apparent
magnitude?
LESSON 3:
1. Stellar Life Cycle
a. List the steps in order during a medium sized star’s life. Describe each
stage briefly.
b. List the steps in order during a massive star’s life. Describe each stage
briefly.
c. How is energy made during nuclear fusion? List the order of elements fused
in this process.
2. H-R Diagram
a. What does an H-R diagram show?
b. Draw an H-R diagram. Label the location of the following on the graph: red
giant, main sequence, red supergiant, and white dwarf.
c. On an H-R diagram, where are the brightest and coolest stars located?
d. On an H-R diagram, where are the white dwarfs located?
e. On an H-R diagram, where do most stars spend their lives?