Download Kidney Lab - Anatmy/Phys

Kidney Lab
I.
Purpose –
List the four main organs of the urinary system
and the general function of each.
II.
Materials –
preserved sheep kidney, dissecting tray, probe,
microscope, prepared slide of kidney cross
section
III.
Procedure -
Follow the directions and answer the questions
on the handout.
IV.
Data -
Color the diagram of the urinary system diagram
and attach here.
V.
Calculations/Results –
VI.
Questions -
VII.
Discussion of Error – N/A
VIII.
Conclusion-
diagram of microscopic kidney
section labeled
Answer questions from handout
Kidney Lab Procedure and Questions
INTRO
When your body uses food for energy (metabolism), it produces waste
products. The body rids these products by a process called excretion.
Much of this waste is in the form of nitrogenous waste. Go to ? #1.
A buildup of waste in the tissues of the body is dangerous. It will lead to
tissue poisoning, starvation, and finally suffocation. Nitrogenous wastes
will accumulate and cause fever, convulsions, coma, and death. Go to ? #2.
The kidneys will also eliminate excess sugars, acids or bases, and water.
The kidneys are able to filter these excess substances from the blood as
well as monitor the level of salt in your body’s fluid. Your kidneys will filter
150-180 liters of blood plasma in a 24 hour period while only creating 1.01.5 liters of urine.
Human kidney’s are bean-shaped organs about the size of your clenched
fist. Each kidney has an adrenal gland attached to the top. Go to ? #3.
EXTERNAL ANATOMY
The renal capsule is the smooth transparent membrane that covers the
outside of the kidney. Carefully remove the fatty tissue (if present) on the
inside curvature of the kidney to expose the blood vessels. Unfiltered
blood enters the kidney through a large renal artery while filtered blood
exits the kidney via the renal vein. Go to ? #4
INTERNAL ANATOMY
1st hour only – carefully cut the kidney lengthwise to expose the internal
structures.
You will be able to trace the ureter from the external part of the kidney to
the inside region known as the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis divides into
smaller compartments that should appear to be darker tissue. These
compartments are the renal pyramids and collectively compose the
medulla of the kidney. At the base of these pyramids is where kidney
stones form. Go to ? #5.
The outside and lighter colored region of the kidney is the cortex. This is
the region of the kidney where the cortical nephrons are located. These
nephrons comprise 85% of all the nephrons in the kidney. Go to ? #6.
The remaining structures of the kidney are microscopic and will be seen
using the slides in the lab. The nephron is made up of several structures
making it the most important structure in the kidney. Go to ? #7.
Questions
1. What are the three forms of nitrogenous waste the kidney
eliminates?
2. If nitrogenous waste reached the critical level in the tissue, then what
two major substances required for the survival of the tissue will not
be allowed to enter the tissue?
3. Which accessory digestive organ crowds the right kidney causing it
to be lower in your body than the left kidney?
4. How can you differentiate between the renal artery and renal vein?
5. What causes kidney stones to form?
6. What is the name of the other nephrons that make up the remaining
15 of the kidney?
7. Name the six parts of a nephron.
8. Trace the pathway of urine formation starting with glomerulus and
ending with micturition/voiding. (urethra, ureter, Bowman’s capsule,
glomerulus, collecting duct/tubule, distal collecting duct, bladder,
loop of Henle, proximal collecting duct)
9. How does the filtered blood return to the heart after leaving the renal
artery? (think circulatory pathway using these: heart, inferior vena
cava, renal vein, glomerulus, renal artery, afferent arteriole, efferent
arteriole, aorta)
10. Page 726 RGT – What is a BUN test? Why is it an important?
11. SHEEP KIDNEY
1. renal pyramid 4. ureter
2. renal papilla
3. calyx
7. renal pelvis
5. renal vein 8. renal column
9. cortex