Download File - Mr. Butts World History

Name: ________________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: ______
Hammurabi
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Directions: (1) Use context clues, your background knowledge, the word bank, and the process of
elimination to fill in the blanks below. (2) Answer the questions as they occur. (3) Complete the flow
map below to make clear what happened after “Hammurabi inherited power from his father...” Use the
underlined verbs and verb phrases as a guide. (4) Write a one paragraph summary of this reading.
WORD
BANK
Assyria
glimpse
peaceful
alliance
northward
inherited
Hammurabi (1) _______________ power from his father, Sin-Muballit, in about 1792 B.C. He ruled in
Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) from about 1894 to 1595 B.C. Hammurabi was the sixth king in the
Babylonian dynasty. At the beginning of his reign Babylon was overshadowed by older, larger, and more
powerful Mesopotamian kingdoms. During Hammurabi’s first few (2) _______________ decades as
Babylon’s king he undertook a series of public works, including heightening the city’s walls and
expanding its temples. Vast numbers of contract tablets dated to the reign of Hammurabi and his
successors have been discovered, as well as fifty-five of his own letters. These letters give a
(3) _______________ into the daily trials of ruling an empire, from dealing with floods and making
changes to a flawed calendar, to taking care of Babylon’s massive herds of livestock.
In about 1801 B.C., the powerful kingdom of Elam
tried to start a war between Babylon and the
kingdom of Larsa. Hammurabi and the king of Larsa
made an (4) _______________ and crushed the
Elamites, but Larsa did not contribute greatly to the
military effort. Angered by Larsa’s failure to come to
his aid, Hammurabi turned his army toward that
kingdom. By about 1763 B.C. Hammurabi had
control of the entire lower Mesopotamian plain. He
next turned his attention (5) _______________ and
conquered the states there. Hammurabi’s final
military conquest came in the form of a protracted
war with Assyria. After the death of the Assyrian
king Shamshi-Adad I, other minor states joined
Hammurabi and helped him to gain the upper hand.
The king of (6) _______________ was forced to pay
tribute to Hammurabi, but Babylon never ruled
Assyria directly. In just a few years, Hammurabi had
succeeded in uniting all of Mesopotamia under his rule.
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What does Hammurabi’s attack on Larsa suggest about his personality? Explain.
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WORD
BANK
freedman
Babylon
stability
cuneiform
successors
accused
value
slab
hand
Late in his reign, Hammurabi sought to bring (9) _______________ to
his empire. He created a code of 282 edicts, or laws; what we now
call the Code of Hammurabi. Stele were erected in the cities of
Hammurabi’s empire. They informed his subjects and travelers of
the law so that they could be held accountable for their behavior.
The stele at left was carved from a four-ton (10) _______________
of diorite. The carving at its top shows Hammurabi receiving the law
from Shamash, the Babylonian god of justice. The rest of the sevenfoot, five-inch monument is covered with columns of chiseled
(11) _______________ script.
The text of Hammurabi’s Code is less a proclamation of principles
than a collection of legal precedents. The code includes many harsh
punishments, sometimes demanding the removal of the guilty
party’s tongue, (12) _______________, breasts, eye, or ear. It also
includes prose that celebrates Hammurabi’s just and pious rule. The
edicts are all written in if-then form. For example, if a man steals an
ox, he must pay back thirty times its (13) _______________. The
code addresses a range of legal issues, from family law to
professional contracts and administrative law. It often outlines
different standards of justice for the three classes of Babylonian
society - the propertied class, freedmen, and slaves. A doctor’s fee
for curing a severe wound would be ten silver shekels for a
gentleman, five shekels for a (14) _______________ and two shekels
for a slave. Penalties for malpractice followed the same scheme: a
doctor who killed a rich patient would have his hands cut off, while only financial restitution was
required if the victim was a slave. Hammurabi’s Code provides some of the earliest examples of the
doctrine of “An eye for an eye.” Importantly, it is also one of the earliest examples of the idea that
people who are (15) _______________ should be considered innocent until proven guilty.
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Make an argument explaining why the harsh punishments required by the Code of Hammurabi
might be justified.
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When Hammurabi died in about 1750 B.C., his less capable (17) _______________ met with defeats and
loss of territory at the hands of Assyrian kings from the north, the Sealand Dynasty to the south, Elam to
the east, and the Kassites from the northeast. Babylon was quickly reduced to the small and minor state
it had been upon its founding. In 1595 B.C. Babylon was sacked and conquered by the powerful Hittite
Empire. The Hittites did not remain in Babylon. Instead, they left (18) _______________ to be ruled by
their Kassite allies for over four hundred years. The Kassites adopted parts of Babylonian culture,
including Hammurabi’s code of laws.
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WORD
BANK
Testament
translated
lawgiver
excavate
In 1901 Jacques de Morgan, a French mining engineer, led an
archaeological expedition to Persia to (19) _______________ the
Elamite capital of Susa, more than two hundred miles from the
center of Hammurabi’s kingdom. There they uncovered the diorite
stela - broken into three pieces. It had been brought to Susa as
spoils of war, likely by the Elamite king Shutruk-Nahhunte in the midTwelfth century B.C. The stela was packed up and shipped to the
Louvre in Paris, and within a year it had been (20) _______________
and widely publicized as the earliest example of a written legal code
- one that predated but bore striking parallels to the laws outlined in
the Hebrew Old (21) _______________. When the U.S. Supreme
Court Building opened in 1935 it featured Hammurabi on a marble
bas relief along the south wall of its courtroom. Although other
subsequently-discovered Mesopotamian laws predate Hammurabi’s
by hundreds of years, Hammurabi’s reputation remains as a
pioneering (22) _______________ who worked - in the words of his
monument - “to prevent the strong from oppressing the weak and to
see that justice is done to widows and orphans.”
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What is the main idea of the paragraph above?
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Directions: Complete the flow map below to make clear what happened after “Hammurabi inherited
power from his father...” Use the underlined verbs and verb phrases as a guide. Be sure to keep your
events in chronological order.
Hammurabi
inherited power
from his
father...”
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Directions: Summarize this reading in one full paragraph. Your paragraph must include four sentences
and most of the key events from the flow map above.
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Reviewer’s Directions: Review the paragraph above. Score each skill area by circling the appropriate
number. Use the notes section to further explain your assessment. Sign your review legibly.
PTS
IDEAS AND CONTENT
5
fully accomplished task
4+ subject-specific facts
PTS
ORGANIZATION
PTS
READABILITY
5
exceptional word usage
exceptional writing technique
effective tone and voice
5
4
accomplished task
at least 3 subject-specific facts
4
4
very good word usage
very good writing technique
effective tone and voice
3
minimally accomplished task
at least 2 subject-specific facts
3
attempted to organize ideas
logically
3
2
partially accomplished task
at least 1 subject-specific fact
2
minimally attempted to organize
ideas logically
2
ordinary word usage
attempted to adjust tone and
voice to audience
1
failed to accomplish task
no subject-specific facts
1
failed to organize or organized
illogically
1
less than minimal word usage and
writing technique
inappropriate tone and voice
organized ideas logically
organized ideas logically
attempted to adjust tone and
voice to audience
LANGUAGE CONVENTIONS
PTS
very few or no errors in capitalization, punctuation, spelling, or word usage/very few or no run-on sentences and/or sentence
fragments/no errors that impair the flow of communication - errors are infrequent
5 PTS
occasional errors in capitalization, punctuation, spelling, grammar, or word usage/may have run-on sentences, sentence
fragments/errors do not impede communication; the writer’s message is not seriously obscured
4 PTS
frequent errors in capitalization, punctuation, spelling, grammar, or word usage/run-on sentences and/or sentence
fragments/errors cause the reader to stop and re-read parts of the writing - errors impair communication
3 PTS
many errors in capitalization, punctuation, spelling, grammar, or word usage/run-on sentences and/or sentence
fragments/errors are serious and numerous, causing the reader to struggle to discern meaning
2 PTS
many errors in capitalization, punctuation, spelling, grammar, or word usage/errors are serious, numerous, and of a wide variety
- it is impossible to ascertain what the writer wants to communicate
1 PTS
NOTES: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________ REVIEWER’S NAME: ______________________________________
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