Download Ing. Stella Gabriele

Ing. Stella Gabriele
Practice
11-25-2014
-Overview
Android Manifest.xml
Application Components
Resources
Activity LifeCycle
Application: Android Features
Android Manifest
-AndroidManifest.xml
Main File of every Android Application
Inform the system about the application's components
Must be at the root of the application project directory
Defines the “entry point” of the Application
Identify any user permissions the application requires, such as
Internet access or read-access to the user's contacts
Declare the minimum API Level required by the application,
based on which APIs the application uses
Declare hardware and software features used or required by
the application, such as a camera, bluetooth services, or a
multitouch screen
API libraries the application needs to be linked against (other
than the Android framework APIs)
-AndroidManifest.xml 2
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.android.flash"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.3" >
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
……
-AndroidManifest.xml 3
………
inform the
system about the
application's
components
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<activity
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:name="com.android.flash.FlashLightActivity" >
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
entry point
</manifest>
-AndroidManifest.xml 4
You MUST declare every Application’s component:
<activity>
for activities
<service>
for services
<receiver>
for broadcast receivers
<provider>
for content providers
Activities, services, and content providers that you include
in your source but do not declare in the manifest are not
visible to the system and, consequently, can never run.
If you try to call a component not declared in the Manifest
the application crasches
Application Components
-Android Application Components
Application components are the essential building
blocks of an Android application
Activities
Services
Content Provider
Broadcast Receiver
Each one is a unique building block that helps define
your application's overall behavior
-Appl Components: Activities
An activity represents a single screen with a user
interface.
For example, an email application might have one
activity that shows a list of new emails, another activity
to compose an email, and another activity for reading
emails
An activity is implemented as a subclass of Activity
-Appl Components: Services
A service is a component that runs in the background
to perform long-running operations or to perform
work for remote processes
A service does not provide a user interface
For example, a service might play music in the
background while the user is in a different application,
or it might fetch data over the network without
blocking user interaction with an activity
A service is implemented as a subclass of Service
-Appl Components: Content Provider
A content provider manages a shared set of application data
You can store the data in the file system, an SQLite
database, on the web, or any other persistent storage
location your application can access
Through the content provider, other applications can query
or even modify the data
For example, the Android system provides a content
provider that manages the user's contact information
A content provider is implemented as a subclass of
ContentProvider and must implement a standard set of
APIs that enable other applications to perform transactions
-Appl Components: Receivers
A broadcast receiver is a component that responds to
system-wide broadcast announcements
For example, a broadcast announcing that the screen
has turned off, the battery is low, or a picture was
captured
Although broadcast receivers don't display a user
interface, they may create a status bar notification to
alert the user when a broadcast event occurs
A broadcast receiver is implemented as a subclass of
BroadcastReceiver and each broadcast is delivered as
an Intent object.
-Android Application Components
A unique aspect of the Android system design is that any
application can start another application’s component
For example, if you want the user to capture a photo with
the device camera, there's probably another application
that does that and your application can use it, instead of
developing an activity to capture a photo yourself
You can simply start the activity in the camera application
that captures a photo.
When complete, the photo is returned to your application
so you can use it. To the user, it seems as if the camera is
actually a part of your application
-Android Application Components
Because the system runs each application in a separate
process with file permissions that restrict access to
other applications, your application cannot directly
activate a component from another application
The Android system, however, can.
To activate a component in another application, you
must deliver a message to the system that specifies
your intent to start a particular component
The system then activates the component for you
Resources
-Resources
An Android application requires resources that
are separate from the source code
Drawables
Audio Files
Animations
Menus
Styles
Colors
Strings
Layouts
Defined in XML and referenced in the source code
You can optimize the app for different devices and
configurations
For every resource that you include in your
Android project, the SDK build tools define a
unique integer ID (R class)
Es. R.drawable.logo
-Resources – devices
-Resources
Qualifiers:
Let the system use a different file,
layout or string optimized for
particular device features:
Screen resolution
Screen dimension
User Language
API level
Enhance portability and
application manteinance
The resources can be switched
real-time if something changes
qualifiers
-Resources – ex. screen resolution
-Tricks for designers
Elements’ dimensions
http://developer.android.com/design/style/iconography.html
Qualifier
DPI
Scaling
factor
Launcher
icon
Action bar,
tab icon
Notification Notification Notification
icon (API 11) icon (API 9) icon (older)
ldpi
120
0.75
36 x 36
32 x 32
24 x 24
18 x 18
18 x 18
16 x 16
12 x 19
12 x 12
19 x 19
16 x 16
mdpi
160
1.0
48 x 48
42 x 42
32 x 32
24 x 24
24 x 24
22 x 22
16 x 25
16 x 16
25 x 25
21 x 21
hdpi
240
1.5
72 x 72
64 x 64
48 x 48
36 x 36
36 x 36
33 x 33
24 x 38
24 x 24
38 x 38
32 x 32
xhdpi
320
2.0
96 x 96
84 x 84
64 x 64
48 x 48
48 x 48
44 x 44
32 x 50
32 x 32
50 x 50
42 x 42
xxhdpi
480
3.0
144 x 144
126 x 126
96 x 96
72 x 72
72 x 72
66 x 66
48 x 75
48 x 48
75 x 75
63 x 63
Activity Lifecycle
-Activity
An application usually consists of multiple activities
that are loosely bound to each other
Typically, one activity in an application is specified as
the "main" activity, which is presented to the user
when launching the application for the first time
In your Activity, you need to implement callback
methods that the system calls when the activity
transitions between various states of its lifecycle, such
as when the activity is being created, stopped,
resumed, or destroyed
-Activity: Ciclo di vita
onCreate()
You must implement this
method
The system calls this when
creating your activity
Here you should initialize
the essential components
of your activity
this is where you must call
setContentView() to define
the layout for the activity's
user interface
-Activity: Ciclo di vita
onStart()
Called just before the
activity becomes visible
to the user
Followed by onResume()
if the activity comes to
the foreground, or
onStop() if it becomes
hidden
-Activity: Ciclo di vita
onResume()
Called just before the
activity starts interacting
with the user
At this point the activity
is at the top of the
activity stack, with user
input going to it.
Always followed by
onPause()
-Activity: Ciclo di vita
onPause()
The system calls this
method as the first
indication that the user
is leaving your activity
Here you should commit
any changes that should
be persisted beyond the
current user session
(because the user might
not come back).
-Activity: Ciclo di vita
onStop()
Called when the activity
is no longer visible to the
user
This may happen
because it is being
destroyed, or because
another activity (either
an existing one or a new
one) has been resumed
and is covering it
-Activity: Ciclo di vita
onDestroy()
Called before the activity is
destroyed
This is the final call that the
activity will receive
It could be called either
because the activity is
finishing (someone called
finish() on it), or because the
system is temporarily
destroying this instance of
the activity to save space.
You can distinguish between
these two scenarios with the
isFinishing() method.
Application: Android Features
-Android Features: overview
It is a complete Android Application
You must import the Project into the workspace as an
existing Project: AndroidFeatures.zip
-Android Features: features
Permissions (AndroidManifest.xml)
Splash Screen: schedule a task
Notifications
StartUp BroadcastReceiver
Activities
Fragments
Layouts: from XML and dynamically from code
Send a Sms
Accelerometer Sensor
GPS Sensor
Android Preferences
Application Menu
-Android Features: FlashLight
We want to create an Activity that Turns on and off the
flashlight (led) of the phone
The Activity should check if the hardware feature is
present on the device and manage the exceptions
-Android Features: FlashLight
STEPS TO DO
1. Create a New Activity called FlashLightActivity.java
2. Add the new Activity in the Manifest
3. Add the permissions in the Manifest to access Camera
4. Add an Intent from the application (MainFragment)
that opens the Activity when the image is clicked
(onClickListener)
5. Create the resources and the strings
6. Create a Layout for the Activity
7. Implements the callback methods
8. Test and Debug the Activity
-Android Features: FlashLight -1package com.android.features;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class FlashLightActivity extends Activity {
……..
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
…………
}
}
-Android Features: FlashLight -2<activity android:name="com.android.features.FlashLightActivity"
android:label="@string/title_section4"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:configChanges="keyboardHidden|orientation|screenSize" >
</activity>
Add the title to
strings.xml
-Android Features: FlashLight -3<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
Hardware feature
Android
permission
-Android Features: FlashLight -4@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
………..
if (v==flashImage) {
//open Activity
Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(),
FlashLightActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
}
-Android Features: FlashLight -5 Create the resources and the strings used in the layout
file
Strings in
Images in
res/values/strings.xml
res/drawable
-Android Features: FlashLight -6<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/flashLinearLayout1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="@color/black" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/flashImageView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="32dp"
android:src="@drawable/flashlight" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonFlashlight"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/flashImageView1"
android:textColor="@color/white"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="33dp"
android:text="@string/flash_button" />
</RelativeLayout>
-Android Features: FlashLight -7FlashLightActivity.java
public class FlashLightActivity extends Activity {
//flag to detect flash is on or off
private boolean isLighOn = false;
private Camera camera;
private Button button;
@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
if (camera != null) {
camera.release();
}
}
……..
-Android Features: FlashLight -7@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.flashlight_view);
button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonFlashlight);
Context context = this;
PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
//the device support camera?
if (!pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA_FLASH)) {
Log.e("err", "Device has no camera flash!");
button.setEnabled(false);
button.setText("NO FLASH");
return;
}
camera = Camera.open();
if (camera == null) {
return;
}
-Android Features: FlashLight -7final Parameters p = camera.getParameters();
button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
if (isLighOn) {
Log.i("info", "torch is turn off!");
p.setFlashMode(Parameters.FLASH_MODE_OFF);
camera.setParameters(p);
camera.stopPreview();
isLighOn = false;
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Flash Turning Off",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else {
Log.i("info", "torch is turn on!");
p.setFlashMode(Parameters.FLASH_MODE_TORCH);
camera.setParameters(p);
camera.startPreview();
isLighOn = true;
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Flash Turning On",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} } }); } }
-Android Features: FlashLight -8 Build the project
Create the .apk file
Install the application on a Virtual device (without
flash feature)
Test the App
Install the application on a real device (with flash)
Test the App
Debug exceptions