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Communicable
Diseases
Health
Mr. Christman
Communicable Diseases
Objectives:
1) name the types of pathogens that
cause communicable diseases,
2) describe ways they are spread,
3) and describe how to prevent them.
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What are communicable diseases?
A communicable disease is a disease that
is spread from one living thing to
another or through the environment.
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Causes of Communicable Diseases:
An organism that causes a communicable
disease is called a pathogen.
An infection is a condition that occurs
when pathogens enter the body,
multiply, and damage body cells.
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Types of Pathogens
1)
Viruses: pieces of genetic material
surrounded by a protein coat.
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By themselves, viruses are inactive, they
need living cells to reproduce.
Viruses can invade all known forms of lifemammals, birds, reptiles, insects,
plants, and even bacteria
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A virus enters the body through a host
cell, which it uses to manufacture more
virus cells. This is how it spreads
through the body.
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Viruses run their course through your
body and are usually eventually killed
by the immune system.
Antibiotics do not work against viruses.
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Some diseases caused by viruses:
-common cold
-influenza (flu)
-measles
-herpes
-AIDS
-rabies
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2)
Bacteria: single-celled
microorganisms that live everywhere
on earth
Most bacteria are harmless, and many
are essential for life.
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Example of essential bacteria:
Bacteria in your digestive system help
digest food and make some of the
vitamins you need to live
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When bacteria is bad:
Some bacteria produce a toxin (a
substance that kills cells or interferes
with their functions).
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In a healthy body, bacteria is usually
destroyed by the immune system.
Bacteria can be treated with antibiotics.
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Some diseases caused by bacteria:
-strep throat
-gonorrhea
-pinkeye
-Lyme disease
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3) Fungi: plantlike organisms, such as
molds and yeasts
Some diseases caused by fungi:
-athlete’s foot
-ring worm
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4) Protozoans: single-celled organisms
that are larger and more complex than
bacteria
Some diseases caused by protozoans:
-malaria
-sleeping sickness
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5) Rickettsias: pathogens that resemble
bacteria and act like viruses
Some diseases caused by Rickettsias:
-typhus
-rocky mountain spotted fever
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How Communicable Diseases are
Transmitted
There are several ways of transmitting
pathogens. Transmission can occur
through direct and indirect contact and
through breathing in contaminated air.
Some diseases can be transmitted in
more than one way.
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Direct Contact
Many pathogens are transmitted through
direct contact with an infected person or
with something in the environment.
Direct contact includes touching, biting,
kissing, and sexual contact
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Indirect Contact
Some communicable diseases can be
transmitted indirectly (without being
close to an infected person)
Indirect contact includes touching
contaminated objects, through vectors,
and through water and food.
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Vectors are organisms that carry and
transmit pathogens to humans.
Examples:
-ticks
-mosquitoes
-flies
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Airborne Transmission
Airborne transmission occurs when
pathogens float in the air and are
breathed in.
Examples: pathogens from a cough or
sneeze and from soil
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Preventing Communicable Diseases
Reducing your risk of communicable
diseases isn’t complicated. Practicing
healthful behaviors is a strategy for
prevention. Understanding the impact
of personal health behaviors on the
body systems is important.
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Washing Hands
Washing your hands is the single most
effective way to prevent the spread of
disease. Wash your hands before you
prepare food, before you eat,after you
use the bathroom, before inserting
contacts, and after handling animals.
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Handle Food Properly
Foodborne illness occurs in places where
food is handled improperly. Always
wash your hands before and after
handling food. Separate raw meat from
other foods. Cook food to its proper
temp. Chill cold leftovers quickly to the
proper temp.
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Activity #88 Concept Map
What are communicable diseases?
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Public Service Announcement
Write a public service announcement
(poster) describing how communicable
diseases are spread. Include
information describing how to avoid
spreading these diseases.