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Ancient History 10 Characteristics and the Cradle of Civilization Gordon Childe’s Characteristics of a Civilization PRIMARY 1. Settlement in Cities 2. Full Time Specialization of Labor 3. Class Structure 4. State Organization 5. Concentration of Surpluses Gordon Childe’s Characteristics of a Civilization II SECONDARY 6. Monumental Public Works 7. Long Distance Trade 8. Writing 9. Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy 10. Standardized monumental art work CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION Began to take place in 4 main areas of the world: 1. 2. 3. 4. Nile River Valley (Egypt) Tigris-Euphrates River Valleys (Mesopotamia) Indus River Valley (India) Yellow River Valley (China) As more evidence is gathered Mesoamerica is being considered a fifth Cradle of Civilization Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was a civilization in the North-eastern section of Africa. Its populace was concentrated along the lower parts of the Nile River and is located in what is today Modern Egypt. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is a name for the portion of the Tigris–Euphrates river area; in the area that modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, northeastern Syria and a small portion of southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran. Indus River Valley It was a civilization that extended over what is today Northeast Afghanistan and Northwest India. Geographically, it was the largest of the early civilizations. Yellow River Valley The Huang He ( pronounced “Wahn Chee”) River Valley served as the cradle of Chinese civilization