Download Chapter 10 1. When the adult of a descendant species resembles

Chapter 10
1. When the adult of a descendant species resembles the larval form of the ancestral
species, this is
A) neoteny.
B) syngamy.
C) precocity.
D) paedomorphosis.
E) pubescence.
2. Animals in this phyla are small flat acoelomate worms that are bilaterally symmetrical,
triploblastic, and do not contain appendages.
A) Platyhelminthes
B) Nemertea
C) Gastrotricha
D) Acoelomorpha
E) Cycliophora
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Most turbellarian species
are marine scavengers.
are internal parasites with complex life histories.
are external parasites of birds and mammals.
have complete digestive tracts.
are freshwater predators and scavengers.
4. Which of the functions listed below is NOT a function of the parenchyma of the
platyhelminthes?
A) provide skeletal support
B) nutrient storage
C) oxygen storage
D) production of gametes
E) transport of materials
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Among the flatworms, when a digestive tract is present, it has
a single opening, the mouth.
two openings, mouth and anus.
a single opening, the anus.
no external opening.
a nephridiopore opening.
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6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The free-living flatworms are classified in the class
Cestoidea.
Turbellaria.
Trematoda.
Triclada.
Acoela.
7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is not true of the turbellarian gastrodermis?
It secretes digestive enzymes.
It absorbs digested food.
It contains smooth muscle cells.
It consists of a single layer of cells.
It is derived embryologically from endoderm.
8. __________ are rodlike cells of the turbellarian epidermis that swell and form a
protective mucous sheath around the body.
A) Endocytes
B) Mucocytes
C) Ectocytes
D) Rhabdites
E) Flame cells
9. The _______ layer of a fluke is composed of carbohydrates and proteins and helps
protect the fluke from the host's enzymes and antibodies.
A) syncytium
B) tegument
C) glycocalyx
D) cuticle
E) plasmodium
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Turbellarians glide over substrates using __________ and muscular undulations.
cilia
parapodia
pseudopodia
flagella
legs
11. In larger species of turbellarians, the highly branched digestive cavity partially
compensates for the
A) lack of anus for egestion.
B) lack of an ingestive organ.
C) absence of a circulatory system.
D) absence of digestive enzymes.
E) inability to digest food extracellularly.
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12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Among those turbellarians possessing a digestive cavity, digestion is
extracellular only.
intracellular only.
accomplished before food is ingested.
both extracellular and intracellular.
accomplished in the pharynx.
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The osmoregulatory organs of turbellarians are called
contractile vacuoles.
kidneys.
metanephridia.
mesonephridia.
protonephridia.
14. The flame cell system and protonephridia of freshwater turbellarians primarily serve to
remove __________ from the body.
A) excess water
B) metabolic waste
C) urea
D) uric acid
E) excess carbohydrates
15. In turbellarian nervous systems, neurons carrying information to the brain are
__________ neurons.
A) connector
B) sensory
C) receptor
D) association
E) motor
16. In turbellarians, the nervous tissue is concentrated anteriorly in clusters of neurons
called
A) longitudinal masses.
B) ganglia.
C) commissures.
D) nephridiophores.
E) protonephridia.
17. The small subclass of flukes, __________, includes those that are primarily internal
parasites of molluscs.
A) Digenea
B) Trematoda
C) Eucestoda
D) Aspidogastrea
E) Cestodaria
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18. Chemoreceptors that aid in the location of food are especially dense in the __________
of turbellarians.
A) eyespots
B) cerebral ganglia
C) statocysts
D) ocelli
E) auricles
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The simple eyespots seen in most turbellarians are called
ocelli.
auricles.
statocysts.
chemoreceptors.
plasmids.
20. Asexual reproduction by fission in some turbellarians results in a chain of individuals
called __________ that later will become independent individuals.
A) larvae
B) zooids
C) buds
D) cocoons
E) bursae
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The free-swimming larval stage of some turbellarians is called a/an
ephyra.
planula.
Muller's larva.
pilidium.
scyphistoma.
22. The members of the Class Monogenea have tissues that develop from this many germ
layers.
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A continuous multinucleate layer, formed by cell fusion, is called a/an
syncytium.
glycocalyx.
integument.
cuticle.
microvillus.
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24. The epidermis of a fluke has an outer layer called the __________, which forms a
syncytium.
A) plasmodium
B) opisthaptor
C) pellicle
D) cuticle
E) tegument
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Flukes in the subclass Digenea always have two or more
mouths.
hosts.
plant hosts.
intermediate hosts.
definitive hosts.
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In the class Trematoda, the phenomena of producing many cercariae is known as
polylarvany.
multiple host syndrome.
polyembryony.
multiple embryony.
intermediate host reproduction.
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The larval stage of members of class Monogenea is called the
redia.
oncosphere.
sporocyst.
oncomiracidium.
cercaria.
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Most flukes belong to the subclass
Aspidogastrea.
Monogenea.
Eucestoda.
Cestodaria.
Digenea.
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The lidlike hatch on a trematode egg is called the
operculum.
scolex.
opisthaptor.
acetabulum.
cercaria.
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30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The first larval stage in the life history of a digenetic fluke is the
redia.
miracidium.
cercaria.
sporocyst.
oncomiracidium.
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The encysted cercaria stage of a digenetic fluke is called the
oncomiracidium.
sporocyst.
metacercaria.
redia.
oncocercaria.
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Blood flukes of the genus __________ are important human parasites.
Fasciola
Clonorchis
Opisthorchis
Schistosoma
Plasmodium
33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The most highly specialized class of parasites within phylum Platyhelminthes is
Aspidogastrea.
Trematoda.
Platyhelminthes.
Monogenea.
Cestoidea.
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The tapeworm strobila is made of many repeated units called
proglottids.
opercula.
scolices.
acetabula.
miracidia.
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Tapeworms lack
reproductive organs.
a mouth and digestive tract.
excretory structures.
holdfast structures.
a tegument.
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36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The holdfast structure of a tapeworm is called the
strobila.
acetabulum.
scolex.
opisthaptor.
proglottid.
37.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Scolex, neck, and __________ comprise the three body regions of a tapeworm.
abdomen
thorax
tail
strobila
trunk
38.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The oldest proglottids at the end of a tapeworm are filled with eggs, and are said to be
adult.
female.
pregnant.
mature.
gravid.
39. The six-hooked (hexacanth) larva that develops from the egg of the beef tapeworm is
the
A) onchosphere.
B) miracidium.
C) cysticercus.
D) bladder worm.
E) redia.
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The larval stage of the beef tapeworm that encysts in skeletal muscles is called the
onchosphere.
cysticercus.
cercaria.
redia.
hexacanth.
41.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Nemerteans differ from flatworms in that they possess
a heart.
one way circulation in blood vessels.
a complete digestive tract.
both male and female reproductive structures in the same individual.
a plerocercoid larvae.
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42.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The larval stage of the broad fish tapeworm that encysts in muscle is called the
coracidium.
precercoid.
miracidium.
pleurocercoid.
cysticercoid.
43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The proboscis worms belong to the phylum
Proboscisoidea.
Nematoda.
Gnathostomulida.
Aspidogastrea.
Nemertea.
44.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The proboscis of nemerteans is held within a sheath called the
rhynchocoel.
gastrovascular cavity.
gastrocoel.
stylet.
anoplan.
45.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Nemerteans differ from flatworms in that they have a complete gut and a
reproductive system.
circulatory system.
well-developed head.
well-developed bilateral symmetry.
nervous system.
46.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The helmet-shaped, ciliated larva of nemerteans is the
onchosphere.
Muller.
pilidium.
miracidium.
cercaria.
47.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Animals in the phyla Cycliophora live exclusively on the mouthparts of
pelicans.
beetles.
lobsters.
elephants.
snails.
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48.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which phyla is the newest phylum to be named and, to date, only includes one species?
Platyhelminthes
Nemertea
Gastrotricha
Acoelomorpha
Cycliophora
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