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TEN COMMON THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES OF COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE 1. Exploring. DEFINITION Obtaining all pertinent data on a particular subject or feeling. PURPOSE 1. To increase the level of selfperception of the participants. 2. Clarifying. Attempting to find the meaning of a communication. 1. Establish mutual understanding. 2. Identify common meanings associated with terms. 3. Facilitate recognition of individual differences. 3. Reflecting. Conveying back to the sender his expressed thoughts and related feelings. 1. Acknowledge message has been received. 2. Demonstrate searching for understanding. 3. Promote objectivity in determining meaning of message. 4. Focussing. 5. Informing. Concentrating on a specific thought or feeling regarding a particular point. Responding to direct questions with needed facts. EXAMPLE P. I heard the doctor talking about me in the hall. N. Tell me about the incident. P.I don’t feel well today. N. What seems to be the matter? P. I have been told I can go home on the weekend. N. How do you feel about that? P. Gone are the days when things were simple. N. I’m not sure I understand what you are trying to tell me. P. She just burns me up. N. She makes you angry? P. I finished my project. N. That sounds like a weight off your mind. 1.Draw attention of sender to significant data. 2.Encourage separation of irrelevant and relevant data. 3.Sustain goal-oriented communication. 4.Interrupt and forestall rapid subject changes. P. They said I can go home. N. Who are “they”? 1.Share knowledge. 2.Promote understanding. 3.Make facts clear. 4.Build trust. P. What time do I go to X-Ray? N. You will be leaving about nine o’clock. P. Tom is always picking on me. N. Can you give me an example? 1 TECHNIQUE 6. Using Silence. DEFINITION Communication without verbalisation. 7. Validating. Confirming one’s observations and interpretation. 8.Evaluating. Assessing the significance of a communication. 9. Summarising Developing a concise resume of the communicated message. 10. Minimal verbal response. Brief, usually single word. PURPOSE 1.Convey interest, acceptance, understanding. 2.Allow sender to assume initiative. 3.Provide sender with time to sort and collect thoughts. 4. Emphasise point. 5. Allow relief from emotionally charged content. 6. Provide an opportunity to introduce new idea or thoughts. 1.Avoid making assumptions. 2.Verify cues. 3.Arrive at mutual understanding that increases rapport and establishes a basis for collaboration. 1.Determine progress. 2. Acknowledge differences. 3.Provide feedback from which clarification and understanding is derived. 1.Determine progress. 2.Promote clarification. 3.Maintain a point of interest. 4.Provide a basis for developing a plan of action. 5. Bring discussion of a particular subject to a conclusion. 1.Encourage further communication. 2.Provide feedback. 3.Show interest. EXAMPLE P. My mother has been saying that she doesn’t want me home permanently. That’s not a good feeling. N. Remain Silent. P. They always got me out before. I’d love to go home, that’s for sure. P. They’re always yelling at each other and at me. N. It must be hard for you when everybody is yelling. P. I’m getting better. N. In what ways do you feel better? P. That’s all I have to say today. N. O.K., today we’ve discussed … P. That nurse makes me angry. N. Yes? Adapted from: Haber, J., Krainovich – Miller, B., McMahon, A. L., & Price – Hoskins, P. (1997). The Therapeutic Relationship in Comprehensive Psychiatric Nursing. (5th Ed) (Chapter Nine, 147 – 159), St Louis: Mosby. AND Birckhead, L.M. (1989). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Therapeutic Use of Self. Philadelphia:Lippincott. 2