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AIR MASSES AND FRONTS Key Vocabulary: -Fronts -Clouds EQ: How do air masses create weather? Objective: Explain how interactions of air masses form fronts, clouds, and affect wind patterns. Final Exam By the end of today’s lesson you will be able to correctly answer the following question: Which most likely occurs when a fast-moving cold air mass moves into a region of warmer, moist air? A. It causes light precipitation for a long period of time. B. It causes light precipitation for a short period of time. C. It causes heavy precipitation for a long period of time. D. It causes heavy precipitation for a short period of time Final Exam By the end of today’s lesson you will be able to correctly answer the following question: A world map with lines of latitude and longitude is shown. At which location would a tropical air mass most likely form? A. 20° N, 120° W B. 40° N, 70° W C. 60° S, 30° E D. 80° S, 10° E 1. How would you describe the temperature of the oceans in areas near the equator? 2. How would you describe the temperature of the oceans in areas near the poles? 3. Which heats more rapidly, land or water? 4. Make a prediction: would you expect the air to be more humid in Charlotte, or in Myrtle Beach? Why? Jot down all the words or phrases you can think of that you might hear in a Weather report or forecast http://www.wcnc.com/video?id=188583721&sec=552547&ref=rcvidmod After list, watch “futurecast” What is an air mass? Air mass: a large volume of air in which temperature and moisture are nearly the same in different locations at the same altitude How are air masses classified? Air masses are classified by their overall temperature and the surface over which they form As air masses move, their characteristics change and so does the weather in the area over which they are moving Temperature: How are air masses classified? Tropical = warm (equator) Polar = cold (poles) Surface origin: Maritime = ocean (moist/humid) Continental = land (dry) cP = continental polar (cold, dry, stable) cT = continental tropical (warm, dry, unstable surface air) mP = maritime polar (cool, humid, unstable) mT = maritime tropical (warm, moist, unstable) How do air masses impact weather? • • Weather patterns are a result of the movement of air masses An air mass may take several days to move over an area – this causes the area to experience fairly constant weather How do air masses impact weather? • Much of the weather in North America is influenced by continental polar and maritime tropical air masses • When an air mass moves, it carries the temperature and moisture conditions with it How do air masses create fronts? When two air masses meet, they from a front •Front: boundary that separates two air masses •Fronts are often associated with some form of precipitation How are air density and fronts related? Recall: what is more dense, cold or warm water? Then, what would you expect to be more dense, cold or warm air? How are air density and fronts related? The front surface slopes at a low angle so that warmer, less dense air rises over cooler, denser air • In most cases, the distribution of pressure across a front causes one air mass to move faster than the other, mixing air of different densities https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9U0W3-pruuY Weather Channel – what is a front? How are fronts and weather related? When a fast-moving cold (polar) air mass moves into a region of warmer moist (maritime tropical) air - brief, heavy storms occur •After it passes, air is cooler When a fast-moving warm air mass moves into a region of cooler air - steady but light rain/snow occurs •After it passes, air is warmer How are fronts and clouds related? Clouds are created when a front pushes air up in the atmosphere, allowing air to expand & cool, and water to condense – forming a cloud •This is called adiabatic cooling – when air is allowed to expand, it cools Fronts foldable Description of front Diagram of front formation HIGHLIGHT weather experienced Description of front Diagram of front formation HIGHLIGHT weather experienced Description of front Diagram of front formation HIGHLIGHT weather experienced Description of front HIGHLIGHT weather experienced Diagram of front formation Final Exam By the end of today’s lesson you will be able to correctly answer the following question: A world map with lines of latitude and longitude is shown. At which location would a tropical air mass most likely form? A. 20° N, 120° W B. 40° N, 70° W C. 60° S, 30° E D. 80° S, 10° E Final Exam By the end of today’s lesson you will be able to correctly answer the following question: A world map with lines of latitude and longitude is shown. At which location would a tropical air mass most likely form? A.20° N, 120° W B. 40° N, 70° W C. 60° S, 30° E D.80° S, 10° E Final Exam By the end of today’s lesson you will be able to correctly answer the following question: Which most likely occurs when a fast-moving cold air mass moves into a region of warmer, moist air? A. It causes light precipitation for a long period of time. B. It causes light precipitation for a short period of time. C. It causes heavy precipitation for a long period of time. D. It causes heavy precipitation for a short period of time Final Exam By the end of today’s lesson you will be able to correctly answer the following question: Which most likely occurs when a fast-moving cold air mass moves into a region of warmer, moist air? A. It causes light precipitation for a long period of time. B. It causes light precipitation for a short period of time. C. It causes heavy precipitation for a long period of time. D. It causes heavy precipitation for a short period of time