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Mrs. Giorgianni/Physical Setting Earth Science UNIT VII: WEATHER/CLIMATE Main Concepts/Ideas: Weather is the day to day changes in atmospheric variables. Factors that affect weather are: Temperature, air pressure, wind and atmospheric transparency Climate is the overall condition of the weather over an extended period of time. Factors affecting climate are primarily temperature and humidity as they relate to latitude, altitude, mountains, coasts, prevailing winds, and ocean currents. Low pressure systems have counterclockwise winds and the air will rise, expand, cool and condense causing precipitation and bad weather. High pressure systems have clockwise winds and the air will sink, compress, heat and evaporate causing dry, clear weather. Weather generally travels from west to east across the United States. Key Questions: What are the differences between high and low pressure systems? Explain the relationship between air temperature and dew point temperature. How do you draw isotherms and isobars? Be able to read and interpret pages 12 and 13 in your ESRT. What is meant by the term wet bulb depression? Why is there a difference between coastal and continental climates? Differentiate the differences between the leeward and windward side of a mountain. Vocabulary: Vocab #1 ~ April 28 Air Mass Barometer Climate Dewpoint temperature Front Vocab #2 ~ May 5 Insolation Isobar Maritime Air Mass Specific Heat Station Model Vocab #3 ~ May 12 Condensation Nuclei Leeward Windward Depression High Pressure System Vocab #4 ~ May 19 Low-Pressure System Synoptic Weather Map Radiative Balance Weather Intensity Homework Assignments: Castle Learning Week #34/Vocab #1, Due April 28 Castle Learning Week #35/Vocab #2, Due May 5 Castle Learning Week #36/Vocab #3, Due May 12 Castle Learning Week #37/Vocab #4, Due May 19 Lab Activities: Coastal and Continental Temperature Ranges Earth’s Heat Budget Climate Patterns Dewpoint and Cloud Formation Weather Patterns Quizzes/Unit Test: Vocab quiz will be given at the end of the unit, prior to Unit Test Topic Quizzes may be given after each sub-unit Weather/Climate Unit Test o 25 Multiple choice questions – BRING A PENCIL o 5 Short answer questions Giorgianni Unit VII: Climate/Weather WEATHER/CLIMATE REVIEW Weather 1. High pressure systems spin clockwise and outward, away from the high pressure in the center. Highpressure weather is clear and cold and dry. 2. Low pressure systems spin counterclockwise and inward, with low pressure in the center. Lows bring rain, with the CLASSIC cold front down from north to south, warm front across from east to west. Cold air is more dense, lifting warm, moist air up, which causes condensation and rain! 3. Dry air is HEAVIER and has higher pressure than humid air. 4. When air temperature and dew point temperature meet IT RAINS! 5. WARM, LOW PRESSURE air rises, expands, cools, and condenses. When dew point is reached, clouds form. Fog is a cloud on the ground! 6. Station models have numbers all around them, and you can figure out what’s what using ESRT. 7. ESRT also has charts for dew point and relative humidity. Remember to take the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WET AND DRY BULB TEMPS! 8. ESRT also has charts to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, and pressure from millibars to inches of mercury. 9. Front symbols are on ESRT, as are the codes cP, mT, etc. C does NOT stand for cold, but for continental, which means dry. M is for maritime, meaning the air mass formed over an ocean. 10. Lake effect snow occurs when moist air masses flow west over Lake Erie or Ontario, hit the colder ground, and dump SNOW! 11. Wind always blows from high to low pressure. This is the basis for Sea breezes during the day (Cooler, high pressure air over the water into the land) and land breezes at night (Cooler, high pressure air over the land toward the water.) Climate 12. SOIL HEATS FASTER THAN WATER, causing coastal climates to have warmer winters and cooler summers. Dark and rough surfaces absorb more than light and smooth. If a surface absorbs heat easily, it radiates heat easily. 13. Most weather moves from the southwest to the northeast, on the prevailing winds, which occur globally, See ESRT. 14. The greater the angle of insolation, the higher the temperature. 15. Air rises over a mountain, causing the windward side to receive more precipitation. 16. Latitude, Altitude, Mountains, Coasts, Prevailing Winds, and ocean Currents all affect Climate. 17. The Greenhouse Effect is intensified by large amounts of CO2. 18. Acid rain can be carried by prevailing winds. 19. Nearness to water keeps climate from changing too much; keeps it warmer in winter and cooler in summer. 20. Windward side of a mountain tends to be cool and wet while the leeward side is warm and dry. Giorgianni Unit VII: Climate/Weather