Download 01461-18.3 Pest Control

Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum
Course:
Unit 18:
01.461
General Horticulture
Landscape Maintenance
Lesson 3: Pest Control
QCC: ................................................................................................................................. 430, 501
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
List the major destructive plant insects.
Describe plant disease control techniques.
Name weed control techniques used in landscape beds.
List the different types of mulch materials.
Teaching Time:
4 hours
References:
Lee, Jasper S. Introduction to Horticulture Science and Technology, Interstate
Publishers Inc. Danville, IL.
Materials and Equipment:
Protective clothing for pesticide application
Specimen labels
Photographs or insect specimens
Disease charts
Slides
Videos
Weed identification photos and specimens
Power Points:
Introduction to Insects
Keeping Plants Healthy
Plant Pests
Venus Flu Trap – Ashley Brown
Weed Management
Course: 01.461
General Horticulture
Revised May 2007
Unit 18, Lesson 3
1
Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum
TEACHING PROCEDURE
Introduction and Mental Set
Bring in several plants or plant stems or leaves from the landscape that have
different insects and disease problems. Be certain to have several healthy
specimens. Display these specimens and ask the students to analyze the
different specimens. Have them share their analysis. What specimens are
indicative of the ones you would purchase? Why?
Discussion
1.
What are the major plant insects?
A.
Aphids
B.
Grubs
C.
Caterpillars
D.
Japanese beetles
E.
Leafhoppers
F.
Chinch bugs
G.
Spider mites
H.
Slugs
I.
Fire Ants
2.
When is the appropriate time to control insects?
Landscape should be monitored and insects should be controlled at
the first sign of them. Control before they have the opportunity for
numbers to increase.
3.
What are some beneficial insects?
A.
Lady beetle
B.
Praying mantis
C.
Common green lacewing
4.
What are the steps of an insect control program?
A.
Identify the insect and population (monitor)
B.
Determine the potential for damage (economic threshold)
C.
Assess potential environmental issues (hazards)
D.
Decide on integrated control measure or tactics (action
threshold)
E.
Use control measures
F.
Evaluate the results
G.
Assess the resulting environmental issues (problems)
Course: 01.461
General Horticulture
Revised May 2007
Unit 18, Lesson 3
2
Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum
5.
What are symptoms of diseases?
A.
Rotting plant parts, particularly the fruit
B.
Leaves turning yellow or an unnatural color
C.
Plants wilting
D.
Plants have twisted leaves or stems
E.
Birds, flowers, or fruit not developing or falling off
6.
What are the two types of diseases?
A.
Environmental - caused by nutrient deficiencies, physical plant
damage, pollution, weather
B.
Parasitic - caused by microorganisms
7.
What organisms causes disease?
A.
Fungi
B.
Bacteria
C.
Viruses
D.
Nematodes
8.
What are the two types of fungi?
A.
There are two types of fungi:
 Beneficial (saprophyte)
 Disease-causing (parasites)
B.
They reproduce by forming spores, sclerotia, and Mycelia
fragments. In order for infection to occur, the spores must
germinate and penetrate the plant tissue by one of three
methods:
 Direct penetration
 Penetration through stomates
 Penetration through wounds
9.
What factors are necessary for fungal infection?
A.
Moisture
B.
Temperature
C.
Stage of plant growth
D.
Disseminating agents
E.
Duration of spore release
10.
Diseases caused by bacteria
There are about 170 species of bacteria that are pathogenic to plants.
All of these species are present in the United States. Most bacteria
are beneficial. They increase the fertility of the soil by making nitrogen
from the air available to plants. They also recycle dead plant and
animals. Bacteria divide very rapidly. Under ideal conditions a single
cell can divide every thirty minutes. If the resulting cells continued
dividing, this single cell could produce 8,388,608 bacterial cells in only
12 hours.
Course: 01.461
General Horticulture
Revised May 2007
Unit 18, Lesson 3
3
Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum
11.
What conditions are necessary for bacterial growth?
A.
Warmth
B.
Moisture
12.
What are some common bacterial disease symptoms?
A.
Wilts
B.
Leaf spots
C.
Soft rot
D.
Galls
E.
Cankers
13.
How are bacteria spread?
A.
Blowing rain
B.
Insects
C.
Man
D.
Seed
14.
What are viruses?
A.
Viruses are tiny particles that are about 0.1 to 0.01 microns in
size (1 micron=0.001 millimeters). Viruses do not consist of
cells but of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) surrounded by a protein
sheath. Viroids are simpler than viruses, they are composed of
only a strand of RNA.
B.
Viruses and viroids are inactive when they are outside of living
cells. When these pathogens enter a cell, they use the cell to
multiply themselves, which upsets the cell=s metabolism and
causes disease.
15.
How are viruses spread?
A.
Tobacco: most tobacco contains viruses, a person who uses
tobacco can spread viruses.
B.
Insects: some viruses incubate inside insects and later injected
into plants
C.
Seed: A few viruses are seedborne. Southern peas are a good
example.
16.
How are pests controlled?
A.
Cultural practices
 Maintenance programs
 Sanitation
 Resistant varieties
B.
Biological
C.
Mechanical
D.
Chemical
 Insecticides
Course: 01.461
General Horticulture
Revised May 2007
Unit 18, Lesson 3
4
Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum



17.
Nematodes
Fungicides
Herbicides
- Preemergence
- Postemergence
How are insecticides classified?
The same way they get into the insect’s body
A.
Stomach poisons
B.
Contact poisons
C.
Systemic poisons
Fumigants
SUMMARY
What are common insects, diseases and weeds that affect landscape
plantings?
What are the techniques to control different pests?
What are the steps to an insect control program?
Evaluation
Written test
Course: 01.461
General Horticulture
Revised May 2007
Unit 18, Lesson 3
5