Download Glossary of words Communication and Values

Glossary of words Communication and Values
Group norms - Beliefs and values commonly held by group members which provide the
basis for the rules and appropriate behaviour for interaction within the group. These norms
can be spoken or unspoken, explicit, or implicit.
Listening strategies (techniques for effective listening) - These include: concentrate
(have an open attitude and an interest), understand what to listen for (determine the
speaker's purpose, main ideas, support), listen critically (relate the message to own
experience, analyze the message, evaluate the message), and use graphic organizers (note
taking, webbing, charting, etc.) when appropriate.
Non-verbal cues - Purposeful or involuntary communication made with one's body.
Examples include stance, gestures, eye movement, hand and/or arm placement, facial
expression, etc.
Persuasive speech - The purpose of a persuasive speech is to gain assent, change
attitudes, or move listeners to action. It may include the use of narrative or descriptive
elements as support. In a persuasive speech, supporting material serves to prove the main
point and sub-points.
"There are four elements of good listening:
1.
2.
3.
4.
attention--the focused perception of both visual and verbal stimuli
hearing--the physiological act of 'opening the gates to your ears'
understanding--assigning meaning to the messages received
remembering--the storing of meaningful information
"Active listening involves six skills: paying attention, holding judgment, reflecting, clarifying,
summarizing, and sharing. Each skill contributes to the active listening mind-set, and each
skill includes various techniques or behaviors. These skills are not mutually exclusive. For
example, paying attention isn't something you stop doing when you start holding judgment.
Cultural variation: communication is always influenced by cultural systems of meaning.
Different cultures interpret body language differently.
Body language the way we use our body can communicate messages to other people.
People communicate using words and also by using body language. :
Proxemics is the term coined by professor Edward T. Hall, author of such well known works
as The Silent Language (1959), The Hidden Dimension (1969), and Beyond culture (1977),
to refer to 'the study of how man uses space - the space
Active listening. Process of analyzing and evaluating what another person is saying in an
effort to understand the speaker's feelings or the true meaning of the message.
Charisma. An attitude of enthusiasm and optimism that is contagious; an aura of leadership.
Communication apprehension. Fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated
communication with others.
Anxiety syndrome associated with either real or anticipated communication with another
person or persons.
Communication competence. Ability to take part in effective communication, which is
characterized by skills and understandings that enable communication partners to exchange
messages successfully. [SB]
Communication flow. The direction (upward, downward, horizontal) messages travel through
the networks in an organization. [BA]
Contentious style. Tendency to challenge others when disagreements occur.
Critical listening. Listening that judges the accuracy of the information presented, determines
the reason-ableness of its conclusions, and evaluates its presenter.
Cross-cultural communication. Communication of different combinations of people. A crosscultural communication study might compare and contrast Japanese and American
negotiation tactics, for example.
Decoding. Process of translating a message into the thoughts or feelings that were
communicated.
Defensive communication. Behavior which occurs when a person perceives or anticipates
threat in interaction.
Empathic listening. Listening to understand what another person is thinking and feeling.
Empowerment. The passing of responsibility and authority from managers to employees.
Encoding. Process by which the source expresses thoughts or feelings in words, sounds,
and physical expressions, which together make up the actual message that is sent.
Gangplank. Horizontal chain of communication between employees on the same hierarchical
level but in different departments.
Haptics. Tactile, or touch, communication; one of the most basic forms of communication.
Kinesics. Sometimes referred to as "body language"; any movement of the face or body that
communicates a message.