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DEFINITIONS & NOTES – ATOMIC STRUCTURE Particle Location Electron Proton Neutron Outside Nucleus Inside Nucleus Inside Nucleus Symbol Relative Charge e- -1 or 1- p+ +1 or 1+ 0 or n 0 Relative Mass Mass (proton = 1) Analogy 1 Pickle ≈ (very small mass) 2000 Watermelon 1 (large mass) 1 Text book NUCLEUS – the central part of the atom. It contains the protons and neutrons. ELECTRONS – negatively charged particles circling the nucleus. They have very little mass. PROTONS – positively charged particles in the nucleus. The number of protons determines the element. NEUTRONS – particles with no charge in the nucleus. They help create stability. The glue of the nucleus. ATOMIC NUMBER – The number of protons in the nucleus. The whole number on the periodic table.(Integer) 1,2,3….. ATOMIC MASS – mass of a single atom of an element, measured in atomic mass units. The ATOMIC MASS IS THE number including a decimal on the periodic table. ATOMIC MASS UNIT – the mass of a single atom of H, abbreviated amu ISOTOPES – atoms of an element with varying numbers of neutrons in nucleus Atomic Number, Atomic Mass and Molar Mass Nuclear Symbols: MASS NUMBER – sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus used for designating the different isotopes not listed in periodic table because # of neutrons varies in Isotopes MASS NUMBER = (# OF PROTONS )+ (# OF NEUTRONS) NUCLEAR SYMBOL General Form Mass # Atomic # HYPHEN NOTATION General Form X X – Mass # Example Example 13 6 C – 13 C Read “13, 6 Carbon” Read “Carbon 13” Three Isotopes of Carbon are known: 12 6 13 6 C 14 6 C C How many neutrons does each Isotope of Carbon have? Fill in the missing information. Nuclear Symbol # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons Electron Configuration Cl 17 5 17 2,8,7 Be 4 2 4 2,2 20 8 20 2,8,8,2 16 11 16 22 17 6 4 5 2,8,8