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Kinesiology of the Glenohumeral (Shoulder) Joint • "Musculoskeletal Images are from the University of Washington "Musculoskeletal Atlas: A Musculoskeletal Atlas of the Human Body" by Carol Teitz, M.D. and Dan Graney, Ph.D." • "Copyright 2003-2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved including all photographs and images. No re-use, re-distribution or commercial use without prior written permission of the authors and the University of Washington • Muscles that cross the anterior side of the shoulder (front side) tend to create flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation. • Muscles that cross the posterior side of the shoulder tend to create extension, horizontal abduction, and external (outward) rotation. • Muscles that cross the lateral side of the shoulder tend to create abduction. Anterior Deltoid • O: Ant. Lat. 1/3 clavicle • I: Deltoid tuberosity • A: Flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation, and abduction of shoulder (glenohumeral joint).. N:Axillary n. Middle Deltoid • • • • O: Acromion process I: Deltoid tuberosity A: Abduction of shoulder N: axillary n. Posterior Deltoid • O: Spine of Scapula • I: Deltoid tuberosity • A: Extension, horizontal abduction, outward (ext.) rotation, abduction of shoulder. N: axillary Coracobrachialis • • • • O: Coracoid process I: Middle of the medial humerus A: flexion, Adduction, horizontal adduction N: Musculocutaneous n. The Rotator Cuff • A group of muscles deep inside the shoulder. • Most important for holding head of humerus in glenoid fossa. • Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis Supraspinatus • O: Supraspinous fossa • I:Top of greater tubercle of humerus • A: Abduction, stabilizes humeral head in glenoid fossa. N. Suprascapular Infraspinatus • O: Infraspinous fossa • I: Posterior greater tubercle • A: External rotation, horizontal abduction, extension of shoulder • N. Suprascapular Teres Minor • O:Lateral border of scapula • I:Post. Greater tubercle • A:External rot., horizontal abduction, extension of shoulder. • N: Axillary Subscapularis • • • • O: Subscapular fossa I: Front of lesser tubercle A: Int. rotation, Adduction, extension N:Subscapular – Lower and upper Teres Major • O: Just above inferior angle on Lat. Border. • I: Medial lip of bicipital groove • A: Internal rotation, Adductor, Extensor of shoulder • N: L. Lower Subscapular Latissimus dorsi • O: Iliac crest, sacrum, SP T6-L5, lower 3 ribs, (inf. Angle scapula). • I: Medial lip of bicipital groove • A: Adduction, internal rotator, shoulder extension, horizontal abduction • N. Thoracodorsal The latissimus dorsi: the most important muscle on the posterior side of the trunk. • • • • Most powerful shoulder extensor Most powerful adductor Most powerful internal rotator These are all throwing movements, so the lats are critical for throwing. Clavicular Pectoralis Major • O: med. 1/2 clavicle. • I: Lateral lip bicipital groove • A: flexion, internal rotation, • horizontal adduction, adduction (after having been abducted), and abduction of shoulder. N: Lateral pectoral Sternal Pectoralis Major • O: Costal cartilage ribs 1-6, sternum. • I: Lateral lip of bicipital groove. • A: extension, horizontal adduction, internal rotation, adduction of shoulder N: Medial pectoral The Pectoralis Major: Most important muscle on front of trunk. • Most powerful horizontal adductor. • Note that both parts of PM are used in Horiz. Add and Int. Rot.. • Bench press: best exercise for overall PM development.