Download 3323_11_Milan_Micic_DBSCAN

DBSCAN
Data Mining algorithm
Professor
Dr Veljko Milutinović
Student
Milan Micić
2011/3323
[email protected]
School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade
Department of Computer Engineering
Content
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
The DBSCAN basic idea
Algorithm
DBSCAN on R
Example
Advantages
Disadvantages
References
2/13
Introduction
•
Data clustering algorithms
•
•
Using in machine learning, pattern recognition, image analyses,
information retrieval, and bioinformatics
Hierarchical, centroid-based, distribution-based, density-based, etc
3/13
DBSCAN basic idea
•
Density-Based Spatial Clustering
of Applications with Noise
•
•
•
Input parameters
•
•
•
Munich,1996
Derived from a human natural
clustering approach
The size of epsilon neighborhood – ε
Minimum points in cluster – MinPts
Neighborhood of a given radius ε
has to contain at least a minimum
number of points MinPts
4/13
DBSCAN basic idea
•
Directly density-reachable, p1 from p2
•
•
•
Density-reachable, p0 from pn
•
•
p1 belongs to the ε neighborhood of p2
p2's neighborhood size is greater than a given parameter MinPts
Exists a chain of points p1,..., pn-1,
where pi+1 is
directly density-reachable from pi
Core, border and noise point
5/13
Algorithm
DBSCAN(D, eps, MinPts)
C = 0
for each unvisited point P in
dataset D
mark P as visited
N = regionQuery(P, eps)
if sizeof(N) < MinPts
mark P as NOISE
else
C = next cluster
expandCluster(P, N, C,
eps, MinPts)
•
expandCluster(P,N,C,eps,MinPts)
add P to cluster C
for each point P' in N
if P' is not visited
mark P' as visited
N' = regionQuery(P', eps)
if sizeof(N') >= MinPts
N = N joined with N'
if P' is not yet member of
any cluster
add P' to cluster C
Complexity with indexing structure: O(n*log(n))
6/13
DBSCAN on R
•
FPC - Flexible Procedures for Clustering
•
•
•
•
GNU General Public License
Various methods for clustering
and cluster validation
Interface functions for many methods
implemented in language R
DBSCAN: O(n2)
dbscan(x,0.2,showplot=2)
• dbscan Pts=600 MinPts=5 eps=0.2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
seed
0 50 53 51 52 51 54 54 54 53 51 1
border 28 4 4 8 5 3 3 4 3 4 6 4
total
28 54 57 59 57 54 57 58 57 57 57 5
•
7/13
Example
•
Astronomy task
•
•
Identifying celestial objects by capturing the radiation they emit
Captured noise (by sensors,
diffuse emission from atmosphere
and space itself)
•
•
Eliminating method –
to constrain the relevant intensity
by a known threshold
In this case – only pixels
whose intensity are less than 50
(and consequently darker)
are being considered
8/13
Example
•
DBSCAN algorithm applied on individual pixels
•
•
Linking together a complete emission area
Each of the generated cluster will define a celestial entity
•
ε = 5, MinPts = 5, 64 clusters and 224 outliers found
9/13
Disadvantages
•
Appropriate parameters ε and MinPts
•
•
•
Numerous experiments indicates best MinPts = 4
Clustering datasets with large difference in densities
“Curse of dimensionality”
•
In every algorithm based on the Euclidean distance
for high-dimensional data sets
10/13
Advantages
•
•
Does not require number of clusters in the data a priori
Can find arbitrarily shaped clusters
•
•
Mostly insensitive to the ordering of the points
in the database
•
•
•
Even clusters completely surrounded by a different cluster
Only border points might swap cluster membership
Has a notion of noise
Requires just two parameters
11/13
References
•
•
•
•
Martin Ester, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Joerg Sander, Xiaowei Xu:
“A Density-Based Algorithm for Discovering Clusters
in Large Spatial Databases with Noise”,
Institute for Computer Science, University of Munich,
1996;
Mehmed Kantardzic:
“Data Mining: Concepts, Models, Methods, and Algorithms”,
2011;
Wikibooks:
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Data_Mining_Algorithms_In_R/Clustering/
Density-Based_Clustering;
Wiki:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBSCAN
12/13
Thank you for your attention!
Questions
Milan Micić
[email protected]
13/13