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CHAPTER 19 LOPHOPHORATES PHORONIDA, BRACHIOPODS, BRYOZOANS Phylum Phoronida Marine organisms that live in sediments Phoronida characters •Filter feeding •Do not move •Cilia create current to bring particles to tentacles; then to mouth •Metanephridia •Blood vessel contains blood (w/ hemoglobin) Phoronida • Hermaphroditic • Sperm released from nephridia, collected by other individual • Embryo = actinotroch Phylum Brachiopoda • = “arm foot” • 2-valve shell • Marine lophophorates Phylum Brachiopoda characters • At poles or deep marine, permanently attached to substrate • Metanephridia • Circulatory system w/heart and contractile vessels - no blood pigment Brachiopoda • Sperm, eggs discharged from nephridiopores • Fert external Phylum Bryozoa • Moss animals • Colonial animals that attach to substrate • Marine (5000 species) and freshwater (50) • Fossils (15,000) Bryozoa • Secrete a covering around body • Asexual repro, hermaphroditic Bryozoa •Sperm into coelomic cavity, released from openings in tentacles •Neighbors collect sperm for fert. •Some brood embryos Digestion • Phoronids, bryozoans: U-shaped • Brachiopods: U-shaped oneway tract Nervous systems • Ring at base of lophophore, around esophagus, or by pharynx • Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors scattered
