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Conjunctiva Conjunctiva It is a mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelids and reflecting to cover the anterior part of the eyeball over the sclera, upto the corneal margin. Discussion • Parts and structure of the conjunctiva • Disease of the conjunctiva • Complications Part of the conjunctiva • Palpebral It consists of marginal, tarsal and orbital part. It is firmly adherent to the deeper tissue. • Bulbar It lies over the sclera and it is freely mobile • Fornix It is the junction of palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva • Limbal It is the junction of cornea and conjunctiva Structure of the conjunctiva • Epithelium • Sub epithelium layer • Fibrous layer Nerve and blood supply • Nerve supply: Trigeminal 5th Crainal nerve • Blood supply: – Ciliary artery – Lacrimal artery – Nasal artery Disease of the conjunctiva • Any inflammation in the conjunctiva is called conjunctivitis. Classification of conjunctivitis • Infective • Allergic Infective • • • • • Catarrhal Serous Muco-purulent Purulent Membraneous Inflammatory condition • Trachoma : Chronic inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva Allergic conjunctivitis • Non specific urticarial reaction due to a large amount of allergen reaching the conjunctival sac. Phlycenular conjunctivitis • It is an allergic reaction of the conjunctiva caused by endogenous bacteria. It is characterised by bleb or nodule formation near the limbus. Vernal conjunctivitis • It is an allergic condition caused by exogenous allergens. Pinguecula • A yellowish triangular deposit on the conjunctiva near the limbus. Pterygium • A triangular fold of tissue mass to invade the cornea covered by conjunctival epithelium. Dermoid • A solid mass at the limbus area. Squamas cell carcinoma • It appears as a slightly elevated, fleshy mass with tuft of blood vessels at the limbus. Conjuctival xerosis • A dry, lusterless condition of the conjunctiva. Sub conjunctival heamorrhage • Spontaneous rupture of conjunctival blood vessels.