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Risks
LQ: what can increase risk?
Re-cap questions
1. What can build up in blood vessels?
2. Which blood vessel would be most affected
from this build up?
3. What happens to the size of the lumen if this
build up occurs?
4. What major chemical cannot flow through this
blood vessel and get to the heart muscle?
5. What happens if this gas cannot get to the heart
muscle?
What is health?
• A physical and mental state of well being
• What two types of disease can a person get?
• What system in the body can be damaged and make
you more prone to getting an infectious disease?
• What type of micro-organism can cause cancer?
• A very common type of non-communicable disease is a
skin rash and asthma. What causes these two types of
reaction?
The Big Question
Is cancer an example of communicable or a noncommunicable disease?
Explain your reasoning.
Learning Outcomes
• Must: Identify the risk factors for cancer.
• Should: Explain the difference between
different types of tumours.
• Could: Explain the impact of noncommunicable diseases.
What are risk factors?
A risk factor increases the chance of developing a disease. This
could be a causal link which means that the risk causes the disease,
or it could be a correlation which means that there is a link, but not
a proven cause.
Discuss if smoking and lung cancer is an example of a causal link or
a correlation.
Diet and heart disease
• A lack of exercise and a high fat diet are heavily
linked to cardiovascular disease
• But they don’t cause the disease directly
• It is the resulting high blood pressure and high
cholesterol that causes the heart attack
• What in the paragraph above gives an example of
a:
1. Correlation
2. Causal link
Write a definition of…
• Causal link
• Correlation
• List the main risk factors in developing a noncommunicable disease:
• Smoking – heart disease, lung disease, lung cancer
• Obesity – type 2 diabetes
• Alcohol – liver disease, damage brain function
• Smoking and alcohol – unborn babies (physical and mental
effects)
• Carcinogens – radiation and chemicals as risk factors in
cancer
(there is a carcinogen in cigarettes – do you know what it is?)
How to identify a correlation
Correlation?
Diabetes – correlation?
Costs
•
•
•
•
Human cost?
Death/poor quality of life/shortened life span
Financial cost?
NHS funding (taxpayers)/
Risk factors
1. If a risk factor is present in a person’s lifestyle will that
person definitely develop the associated disease?
2. Is there just one risk factor that can cause a disease?
3. Why are western people more likely to develop type 2
diabetes rather than people in developing countries?
4. Smoking has a causal link to lung cancer-what does
this mean?
5. Eating a lot of takeaways and putting on weight is a
correlation-what does this mean?
6. Eating a lot of takeaways doesn’t necessarily mean
that a person will become overweight. What other
factors could influence a person’s weight?
Cancer Research
• Answer the question in your booklet regarding
cancer.
• These will need to be answered on paper.
Smoking and Lung Cancer