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Transcript
Modern Telescopes and Ancient Skies New Views of the Universe III. 30-meters and beyond An IU Lifelong Learning Class Tuesdays, May 10, 17, 24 WIYN TECHNOLOGY in 6-8 meter telescopes 8-10 Meter Telescopes Today • Keck Telescopes Gemini North and South • ESO’s Very Large Telescope • Subaru • Hobby-Eberly Telescope and SALT • MMT Observatory • Magellan • Large Binocular Telescope The Twin Keck Telescopes on Mauna Kea • Two 10-meter telescopes • “segmented” mirrors – 36 hexagonal segments • Keck I in 1993; Keck II in 1996 ESO’s VLT Cerro Paranal, Chile Four 8.2 meter telescopes – – – – Antu (the Sun) Kueyen (the Moon) Melipel (the Southern Cross) Yepun (Venus - as evening star) Subaru on Mauna Kea • • • • Built by Japan 8.2-meter mirror supported on air superb images Hobby-Eberly and SALT • 9-meter effective aperture • fixed altitude • in West Texas and South Africa Magellan Telescopes Twin 6.5-m in Chile Borosilicate honeycomb mirrors 6.5-meter Telescopes MMT Observatory 6.5-m Telescope also borosilicate honeycomb located in southern Arizona Large Binocular Telescope Twin 8.4-meter mirrors on a single mount in southern Arizona Adaptive Optics – Correcting distortions caused by the Earth’s Atmosphere How does it work??? The Power of Adaptive Optics 40” 4’ 5” >220 stars in 5”x5” UH-88”, Courtesy W.Brandner, 0.65” seeing Gemini N/Hokupa’a-QUIRC (U of H/NSF) Pluto and Charon with Adaptive Optics on Gemini Gemini Observatory & U. Hawaii • Images in the infrared • Each frame is 4 arcsec across • Pluto and Charon are separated by 0.9 arcsec • FWHM of stars is 0.08 arcsec From the ESO VLT An exoplanet orbits a brown dwarf “star” at a distance of about 55 AU (the star and planet are about 200 light years away) New Telescopes to Answer New Questions 20 and 30-meter telescopes 8-meter survey telescope James Webb Space Telescope Virtual Observatory Adaptive Optics will be a key component of 20 and 30 meter telescopes Lasers will produce artificial stars in the sky to help focus starlight Large-aperture LSST Synoptic Survey Telescope 8.4-meters Triple-fold optical design 3 billion pixel-camera 30,000 gigabytes each night Survey the sky each week Real-time data analysis 3 billion sources + transients Exploring the Dark Universe with LSST Beyond 30-meters ESO’s Overwhelmingly Large Telescope Connecting to Gemini Visiting with Peter Michaud at the Gemini North Control Room in Hilo, Hawaii Kirkwood Observatory Viewing Night Sky Viewing Final Thoughts