Download The American Civil War

The American Civil War
Plans to Win the War
8-4.5
Compare the military strategies of the North and
the South during the Civil War and the
fulfillment of these strategies in South Carolina
and in the South as a whole, including the attack
on Fort Sumter, the Union blockade of
Charleston and other ports, the early capture of
Port Royal, and the development of the Hunley
submarine; the exploits of Robert Smalls, and
General Sherman’s march through the state.
SLM – Secession & War Begins
EQ: How effective were the military
strategies of the North compared to
those of the South during the Civil
War?
Vocabulary: blockade, Hunley, Port
Royal
Union Strategy:
Anaconda Plan
The leader
of Union
Soldiers
was
General
Winfield
Scott
He planned to:
#1: Use the Northern Navy to blockade
the South (cut off European supplies)
#2: Take control of the Mississippi and
divide the South in Half
#3: Immediately capture Richmond
using the North’s much larger army
#4: Destroy the
transportation/communication systems
Northern navy needs a
base from which to
operate the blockade
of southern ports…
Port Royal, SC
is a PERFECT
location for a
northern
naval base.
WHY?
The blockade of southern ports begins in earnest
when a fleet of Union ships with 15,000 men
forces the surrender of rebel forts at Hilton Head,
S.C., at the Battle of Port Royal. Plantation
owners flee the region and leave the Union in
possession of thousands of abandoned slaves.
In the following months, the Northerners close
ports from Charleston to St. Augustine to all but
the most daring blockade-runners and cause the
rebels to pull thousands of soldiers from other
fronts to plug their punctured coastal defenses.
Capture of the area
around Port Royal
Sound by Union
troops – Nov. 7, 1861
Became the
headquarters for the
Union blockage of
South
Confederate Strategy:
As soon as Virginia seceded Robert E.
Lee was approached to lead the Rebel
(Confederate) Army
Even though Lee
was against
slavery and
secession he
agreed to lead
the army
Lee wished to protect his homeland at
all cost. His strategies included:
1. Fight a defensive war in the South
until the Union gives up
• Use supplies from Europe (bought with
money from selling cotton
• Will have to break the blockade for this
to work
2. Capture Washington D.C. as soon
as possible
3. Sell Cotton to France and the UK in
order for them to attack the USA
Remember…
Most of the world’s cotton
was grown in South
Confederacy initially
withheld its chief cash
crop from the European
market
ase demand
to incre
Idea: European
countries needed
cotton for their
factories so the
South thought they’d
be “allies”
The Northern blockade was effective
in SC
despite efforts of the blockade runners
&
the use of new technology
the submarine Hunley
CSA strategy ultimately failed
- As the blockade became
More effective
New international cotton
Markets were found
(also the purpose of the war changed in the
eyes of Europe with the issuing of the
Emancipation Proclamation which we will
discuss later )
The blockade was
devastating
to the South
because it kept the
Confederate Army
from receiving
supplies
Hunley & Blockade runners
Military Strategies in the Civil
War
• Take a poster paper for your partner
group.
• Divide into 4 parts
• Label: Northern Strategy, Southern
Strategy, Robert Smalls, Sherman
• Identify in bullets everything you know
about each section