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Computer-Mediated
Communication
Privacy and Information Control
Coye Cheshire & Andrew Fiore
//
13 February 2013
Projects and Assignment #1
 Assignment 1 is a short 2-3 page description of your group
project idea and the division of labor within the group.
 Due Feb. 27 at beginning of class
(one assignment per group, two printed copies)
 Groups will be signing up for a meeting with us to discuss
the project the following Wednesday.
 http://courses.ischool.berkeley.edu/i216/s13/assignment1.php
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The Internet is Good!
BAD!?
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“Knowledge is Power”
 Choice to Share
 Choice to Exit
http://www.flickr.com/photos/felixmontino/3232503788/
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Where did all of our information
control and power go?
 Accessibility
 Durability
http://www.misterkitty.org/dave/
 Comprehensiveness
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Incorrect Information Inferences
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“…[If] the widespread use of digital
remembering leads to a loss of
information control, it constricts
precisely the freedom to shape
one’s own identity”
“A History of Violence”
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The Pros and Cons of Human Memory
 Tend to recall those things that are frequently
remembered
 Tend to recall things that confirm our beliefs,
rather than those that disconfirm
 We do not tend to recall memory specifics with
time as well as we do with artifacts, events,
people, scents, sounds
 Forgetting is part of human capacity to move
on, deal with past, push oneself to improve or
change.
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The “Chilling Effect” of a Digital Panopticon
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Potential Responses?
Digital Abstinence
Cognitive Adjustment
Information Privacy Rights
Information Ecology
Privacy DRM
Perfect Contextualization
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“I find the author's argument almost entirely speculative, and think
that he re-hashes fears which have reappeared continuously with
the introduction of new technologies. One of Mayer-Schoenberger's
critiques is that humans are not - and won't be - able to manage the
immense amount of of information catalogued by the tools of digitial
remembrance, which will "threaten our ability to decide rationally"
(113). I find this argument hyperbolic; humans have always dealt
with an ever-increasing amount of stimuli and information, and we
have always adapted more-or-less successfully. Daniel Rosenberg's
piece "Early Modern Information Overload," for example, details
almost precisely the same hysteria surrounding the burgeoning array
of encyclopedias and scholarly journals in the 16th and 17th
centuries.— LIndsay
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Consider, if you will, the world of Downton Abbey, Season 1
(April, 1912): Britain's caste system was securely in place.
Though reading and writing systems were readily available,
only 40% of the population was literate. Even in the upper
echelons, the movement of information between persons
was, by in large, disseminated orally…
Now consider where both Britain and the extended colonies
found themselves a few decades later (Season 3), as the
telephone and telegraph systems that enabled faster,
cheaper, and more broadly disseminated forms of
communication: those caste systems began to erode. As
people began to conceptualize a world beyond their
boarders, a new realm of possibilities, and with them the
ability to change and adapt, also materialized. — Jennifer
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Rapid Design Activity
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Design Activity #1: “Keep Me!”
Design a tool that allows users to pare down their
digital archives or histories to just those things they
want to keep. Be sure to consider the resolution of
this tool: Messages? Days? Months? Years?
People? Places?
Design Activity #2: “Forget Me!”
Design an “algorithm” for a machine to forget
for you. What information does it prioritize?
How does it decide what's important to keep
and what should be removed? Be specific.
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5 min BREAK
+
Discussion of
Activity
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Other Types of Empirical Work
on Privacy and Information
Control…
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Facebook… who cares?
 boyd and Hargittai: Survey of
first-year UIC students
 Conducted on paper to avoid
bias towards web users with
higher privacy concerns
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Facebook privacy settings circa Dec 2009
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Facebook privacy settings circa July 2010
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Confidence with
other online activities
 Gender differences
 What is the story here?
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Managing
Privacy Settings
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“[T]he researchers seem to define someone who manages their
privacy settings by how often that person changes their privacy
settings. This assumes that if a person changes his/her settings
often then he/she knows how to manage their privacy settings
whereas someone who have done it once doesn't (when in fact
the ones that change their privacy settings often maybe couldn't
make up their mind about certain types of privacy settings).
[…]
Over 50% of the original students who took the survey did not
respond to the second survey. Even when you take into
account that 10% was no longer at the school, the non
response rate is a significant number. Why is that?” — Evie
it would be interesting to see a follow-up to this study. Would
people be more or less concerned about privacy today?
Personally, I do not look at my privacy settings as much as I
did in, say, 2009. — Hannah
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Web Discretion and Information
Control
 Cheshire/Antin/Churchill:
survey of Craigslist.org
users in the volunteer
sections of two large
cities (Atlanta and
Chicago).
Photo credit: http://thedatarescuecenter.com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/Privacy-Rights.jpg
 Conducted through an
online survey platform,
limiting the sample to
those who are clearly
internet users and who
take the time to answer
calls for open Internet
surveys
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Who are the most vigilant internet users
(exercising web discretion)?
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Online Social Intelligence: High Trust (open to
opportunities) combined with High Caution (skepticism)
and
HIGH
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Web Discretion
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+
=
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Higher
Internet
Discretion
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Perception of Information Control
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+
=
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Lower
Perceived
Information
Control
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Perceived
Information
Control 35
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Take Away Point #1:
It can pay to take risks, but the most rewarding long-term strategies
involve risk-taking as well as a healthy dose of prudence
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Take Away Point #2:
Information Control and Online Discretion are not Zero-Sum Games.
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“I couldn't help but think of someone with an incredible sense of
‘internet superhighway street/highway smarts’. I felt that someone with
those street smarts would be worn and tested, being able to feel their
way around the net. Those of us who have been around the block
long enough have read or seen a story about identity theft, or have
had a home computer crash from sketchy web pages…know to guard
our information with our lives, because it is our lives.”
— Mark
“I find the research design that test the hypotheses confusing. There
is a huge simultaneity issue here: the causal direction could go either
way. For instance, differences in attitudinal beliefs in web privacy and
information control can lead to different exposures of adverse events.
At the moment, the research design seems to be purely correlational.
In addition…questions that addresses discretion and control attitudes
*directly* will prime and frame participants to answer questions about
their online behaviors to be consistent with their prior answers.”
— Weiyi
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For next Wednesday…
Media Richness
Walther, J.B., and Parks, M.R. (2002) Cues filtered out, cues filtered in: Computer-mediated
communication and relationships. In In M.L. Knapp and J.A. Daly (Eds.), Handbook of
interpersonal communication (3rd ed., pp. 529?563). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (Only pages
529 through 542 are required.)
Dennis, A.R., and S.T. Kinney. (1998) Testing media richness theory in the new media: The effects of
cues, feedback, and task equivocality. In Information Systems Research 9 (3).
Erickson, T., Halverson, C., Kellogg, W.A., Laff, M., and Wolf, T. (2002) Social translucence:
designing social infrastructures that make collective activity visible. In Communications of the
ACM 45 (4).
Donath, J. (2001) Mediated Faces. In In M. Beynon, C.L. Nehaniv, K. Dautenhahn (Eds.) Cognitive
Technology: Instruments of Mind: 4th International Conference.
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