Download ANIMALS ARE CONSUMERS

ANIMALS ARE CONSUMERS
• ANIMALS OBTAIN
ENERGY &
MATERIALS FROM
FOOD.
• ANIMALS INTERACT
WITH THE
ENVIRONMENT AND
WITH OTHER
ORGANISMS
• ANIMALS RESPOND
TO SEASONAL
CHANGES
Get Energy & Materials via food
• Animals are Consumers(need to get energy from
another organism).
• Animals are Heterotrophs( feeds on or consumes
other organisms)
• Some animals feed simply: Coral filters food
from the water that moves through it; while most
animals must search for food.
• Animals can be grouped by the type of food they
eat: HERBIVORES: feed on plants/algae;
CARNIVORES: feed on other animals;
OMNIVORES: feed on plants & animals
• Others feed on dead remains (insects/vultures)
while worms decompose the remains.
Get Energy & Materials via food
• To get energy & materials from food, all animals
must first digest the food.
• Digestion: process of breaking down food
(complex carbon compounds) into small enough
pieces to be absorbed by cells.
• Digestive systems use physical & chemical
activity to break down food (usually in tubelike
cavities).
• Food enters one end, and waste the other end,
while nutrients (usable parts of food) are
absorbed into the body’s cells.
Get Energy & Materials via food
• Animals get energy via
cellular respiration so
need FOOD & O2.
• Insects get O2 by
spiracles (tiny openings in
body), fish have gills(pick
up O2 dissolved in water),
other animals by lungs
from air.
• Many animals take in
large amounts of food at
once, & store it in tissues.
This lets them have more
time to care for young &
do other activities.
Interact with Environment &
other Organisms
• Animals use digestive, respiratory, & circulatory
systems to process foods. They use muscle &
skeletal systems to provide movement & support.
Nervous system lets them sense & respond to
stimuli.
• BEHAVIOR: any observable response to a stimuli
(bird drinking from puddle; lion chasing antelope).
• Some behaviors are present at birth or
inherited(spider weaving webs); while others are
learned(don’t attack porcupines).
• Are 3 categories of behaviors: Individual Behavior,
Interactions between same species, Interactions
between different species.
Animal Behaviors
• Individual behaviors: to meet basic needs (food,
water, shelter, sleep, groom, temp.)
• Interactions between same species: social
behaviors (between Parent & Offspring, and for
attracting a mate). Also, some species cooperate
(wolves hunt in packs, bees maintain hive).
Others compete (for a mate or for territory).
• Interactions between different species: often for
food. PREDATOR= hunts other animals for food
while PREY= hunted animal for food source.
• Different species can also be cooperative
(tickbirds remove ticks from impala’s skin)
ANIMALS RESPOND TO
SEASONAL CHANGES
• Migration: movement of
animals to different area
in response to changing
environment
• Monarch butterflies fly
from Mexico & Southern
CA north each spring
laying eggs on milkweed
plants as they go. Second
generation then flies back
to Mexico & CA as it gets
cool in the fall. This is
inherited behavior.
ANIMALS respond to seasonal
changes
• Hibernation: a
sleeplike state that
lasts for an extended
time period for
nonmigratory animals
• Their bodies slow
down so need less
energy to survive
(many frogs, turtles,
fish, & some insects)