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Date of download: 5/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Cervico-Thoraco-Lumbar Multibody Dynamic Model for the Estimation of Joint Loads and Muscle Forces J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(11):111001-111001-8. doi:10.1115/1.4031351 Figure Legend: A detailed musculoskeletal model of the spine: (a) overall view of the musculoskeletal model; (b) multifidus and spinalis; (c) ES (longissimus and iliocostalis); (d) RA, IO, and EO; (e) quadrates lumborum and psoas major (here, the psoas major crosses the hip joint to the lesser trochanter); (f) interspinales, intertransversarii, and rotatores; (g) sternocleidomastoid, scalenus, longus colli, and longus capitis; (h) trapezius, levator scapulae, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus capitis, and longissimus cervicis muscles; and (i) semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, splenius capitis, and splenius cervicis
