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PHARMACOLOGY Kristine Glory DR. Mendillo, BSN, RN Academic Instructor Blood Pressure • It is measured by using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer • Existing pressure in the blood vessels Adrenergic Neuron Blockers • Reserpine • Guanethidine • Guanadrel Alpha 1 Beta 1 Adrenergic Blockers • Labetalol (Normodyne) • Carteolol (Cartrol) • This group blocks both alpha1 beta1 receptors. Direct Acting Arteriolar Vasodilators • Nitropusside • Diaxozide • Direct acting vasodilators acts relaxing the smooth muscles of the blood vessels, mainly arteries, causing vasodilation ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) Inhibitors • Captopril (Catapres) • Enalapril Maleate (Vasotec) • It inhibits ACE, which in turn inhibits the formation of angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) and blocks the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion. (ARB) Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers • Losartan (Cozaar) • Valsartan (Diovan) • These agents are similar to ACE inhibitors , in that they prevent the release of aldosterone (sodium retaining hormone) Direct Renin Inhibitor • Aliskiren (Tekturna) • It binds with renin, causing a reduction of angiotensin I, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels Calcium Channel Blockers • Verapamil (Calan SR) • Diltiazem (Cardizem) • Amlopidine (Norvasc) • Slow calcium channel blockers are found in the myocardium (heart muscle) and vascular smooth muscles (VSM) cells. Free calcium increases muscle contractility, peripheral resistance, and blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide • The most frequent diuretic that is combined with an antihypertensive drug • (Aldactazide) hydrochlorothiazide with spironolactone HYPERTENSION CLASSIFICATION • Pre hypertension SBP 120-139mmHg • Stage 1, 140-160 mmHg • Stage 2, greater than 160mmHg HYPERTENSION CLASSIFICATION • 1 isolated systolic hypertension 130/85 • 2 isolated systolic hypertension 175/85mmHg ANTIPLATELET • Clopidogrel Bisulfate • To prevent recurrence of MI, stroke, prevent vascular death • Action: inhibits platelet aggregation. HMG CoA reductase inhibitor • Lovastatin (mevacor) • Simvastatin (Zocor) Cholesterol Levels •150-200 mg/dl Digoxin Levels •1.5-2ng/ml LOVE and Other Drugs! • Furosemide • Sucralfate • Digoxin Furosemide (Lasix) • To treat fluid rentention fluid overload caused by Heart Failure, renal dysfunction, hypertension and acute pulmonary edema • Action: inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption from the loop of henle and distal renal tubules. K, Mg, Ca may be excreted. Digoxin (Lanoxin) • LANOXIN (digoxin) is a cardiac glycoside, a closely related group of drugs having in common specific effects on the myocardium. These drugs are found in a number of plants. Digoxin is extracted from the leaves of Digitalis lanata. The term “digitalis” is used to designate the whole group of glycosides. The glycosides are composed of 2 portions: a sugar and a cardenolide (hence “glycosides”). Sucralfate (Carafate) • Sucralfate is a unique oral drug that is used for treating ulcers of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Chemically, it is a complex of the disaccharide sugar, sucrose, combined with sulfate and aluminum. It Love, Pharmacology. THE END