Download The Age of Exploration - Northside Middle School

The Age of Exploration:
Name:
Europeans Explore the East
Date:
Period:
1. Setting the Stage
a. Europeans had been exploring via the ________ and with people like ____________
b. For the most part, Europeans had no _________ or ability to explore ____________
c. By 1400s, a desire for __________ coupled with advanced _________ ___________
sparked exploration.
2. Europeans Seek New Trade Routes
a. Main desire for exploration: New ______ of ____________ (spices & luxury goods
from Asia)
b. Demand was _________ than _________ meant merchants could charge ________
prices
c. England, Spain, Portugal, and France wanted to bypass __________ _________
and find new sea routes for themselves
d. Europeans also used ___________ as a means to travel: They wanted to
________non-Christians throughout the world
3. Tools of Exploration
a. European ships improved with technology (p.531)
b. New vessel: The ______________.
i. ______________
ii. ___________ sails stronger against the wind
iii. Large __________ area
iv. Shallow _________ allowed it to explore close to the shore
v. ____________ was an instrument used to determine latitude and longitude
4. Portugal Leads the Way
a. Portugal led the way in sailing ______________________
b. First country to establish trading outposts on _________ coast of __________
c. Prince ____________, son of the king, was Portugal’s most enthusiastic exploration
explorer
d. Prince Henry wanted to reach __________ of the east and spread ______________
e. _________________ sailed to the eastern side of Africa and reached ____________
f. da Gama and crew were astonished by ________, silks, and ________ found in India
g. da Gama’s remarkable ___________ mile journey was worth _______ times the cost
of the trip and provided Portugal with a direct sea route to ___________
5. Spain Also Makes Claims
a. Spain watched Portugal with __________
b. 1492 ____________ __________ convinces Spain to finance a bold plan of finding a
sea route to ______ ---> Instead he is the first European to discover __________
c. Portuguese suspected Columbus reached ______ and claimed land for Spain that
Portugal had already _____________.
d. This increased the exploration _________ between Spain and Portugal
e. The _______ steps in and attempts to settle who has claim
The result: _________________________ of 1494: Line that divided Spain and Portugal’s
claims. Spain got land _______ of the line, which included most of the ___________,
Portugal got lands to the _______ which included parts of modern-day ________
6. The Dutch (Netherlands)
a. The people of this region declared their independence from ________ in 1581 and
established the _________ __________
b. By 1600, the Dutch had the largest _______ of ships in the world- _______ vessels
c. The Dutch ______ _______ Company: Company that minted _______, made
________, and could raise an _________.
i. Was ________ more __________ than British East India Company
ii. Eventually Dutch drove out the _________ and established dominance over
__________ ____________
Result: The Age of Exploration would begin a competitive and _________________ pursuit
that would lead the Europeans to _________________, the Far East, and eventually
____________________.
TEXT ASSIGNMENT – QUIZ GRADE (pg.380, 382, 385-386)
*You will need to read the information thoroughly to get your answers. Some of the answers may
not be obvious. You will need to critically think about the questions and answers.
Answer the question in complete sentences.
A. Who was Marco Polo, and why was he important?
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B. What did Europeans hope to accomplish on their voyages?
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C. How were the explorers able to travel such great distances? (List at least 4 methods)
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D. Who were two important explorers for Portugal, and what did they accomplish?
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E. Who were two important explorers for Spain, and what did they accomplish?
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F. What factors helped Cortés defeat the Aztec? (List at least 3)
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G. Who was Francisco Pizarro, and what did he do? (List 3 things Pizarro did).
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H. Which nations sent explorers to the Americas and why?
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I. Where in North America did the French and the English settle?
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Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below.
How did European exploration affect European nations politically and economically?
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The Age of Exploration: China and Japan’s Reactions
1. Setting the Stage
a. East Asia was a hot spot for ___________ goods
b. Many Europeans were looking to ________ with China and Japan
2. Ming & Qing China
a. The Chinese people had rebelled and driven out their ___________ rulers and had
established the ___________ Dynasty (1368-1644)
b. The Ming government had ruled for _______ years and was weakening
c. Later the Manchus, _________________________, invaded China and established
_______ Dynasty which ruled for 260 years
3. The Ming Dynasty & The Voyages of Zheng He
a. Emperor _____________ and son ___________ were curious about the outside
world and launched voyages of exploration
b. Chinese Admiral _________________ led seven voyages
c. Purpose of Voyages: ____________________________________
d. Voyages ranged from Southeast ___________ to eastern _____________
e. From ______ to ________ ships sailed on each voyage
f. Some ships were __________ feet long (p. 537)
g. Voyages included _________, soldiers, ___________, interpreters, accountants,
doctors and ____________ leaders
h. After 7th voyage and Zheng He’s death, China withdrew into ___________ and
_____________ the fleet
4. Ming Relations with Foreign Countries & Rules
a. China’s trade policies in the 1500s reflected _______________
b. If foreign states wanted to trade with China, they would have to follow
____________________ rules because the Chinese did not want Europeans
threatening the peace and _____________ the Ming had brought to China
c. China had a long history of being __________________ as well
d. Rules
i. Only the ___________________ was allowed to conduct foreign trade
ii. Trading was only allowed at certain ports
iii. China expected Europe to pay ____________ to Ming leaders;
iv. Tribute is a ______________
v. ____________ ritual: kneeling in front of the emperor and touching
______________ to ground 9 times
vi. The ___________ accepted these restrictions and were allowed to trade
5. Japan
a. In 1467, ______ ________ shattered Japan’s feudal system and the country
became chaotic
b. Warrior chieftains called ___________ became lords in a new Japanese feudalistic
system
6. Contact Between Europe and Japan
a. Europeans began coming to Japan in the _____ century and were _____________
b. Within a century, the aggressive Europeans had _____________ their welcome
c. The _____________ brought clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco, and firearms
d. By 1600, European missionaries had converted ________ Japanese to Christianity
e. After __________ ______________ (most were Christian) the shoguns ruthlessly
persecuted Christians and led to the formation of an _______________ policy
7. The Closed Country Policy
a. 1639 the shoguns sealed Japan’s borders and _________ _____________ and
______________________
b. Only port of Nagasaki remained open but only to ________ and _________ traders
c. Lasted for more than _________ years
d. Why?
i. Japanese were ____________ to ________ so as to not bring back foreign
ideas
ii. Japan wanted to continue to develop as a ______-___________ country
Result: Europeans begin to explore west across the _________ Ocean to the ___________.
Constructive Response Question
How did China and Japan react to European explorers/traders and why?
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The Age of Exploration: The Atlantic Slave Trade
1. Setting the Stage:
a. _______ plantations and _________ farms required a lot of labor to turn a profit
b. _______ ________ were cheap but millions died from _______, warfare, and
brutal _________
2. The Causes of African Slavery
a. Slavery ____________in Africa for centuries but was relatively minor
b. ________ _______ ushered in an increase of slavery in Africa in the 7th century
c. Muslims transported about ____ million African slaves from 650-1600
d. In African and Muslim slavery, slaves had some _____ ______ and social _______
e. Africans were _________ to the _________ that killed many natives
f. Many Africans had experience with _________
g. Africans weren’t likely to escape due to ____________ with the new _____
h. If escaped, ______ _______ made it easier to catch
i. By the end of the Atlantic slave trade, __________ had transported ____ million
Africans to the Americas
3. Slavery Spreads Throughout the Americas
a. _______ and ________ led the way with transportation of slaves
b. During the 17th century, more than ____% of all Africans brought to the Americas
went to ________ plantations in _________
c. As _______’s presence in the Americas grew, it came to________ the slave trade
d. African society was broken up into _______
e. Many African ______ and _________ __________ other Africans and traded with
European traders for _____, ______, and other goods
4. A Forced Journey
a. Transported Africans were part of the________________
b. Europeans traveled _______ to ________ to capture or trade for slaves (side 1)
c. Europeans transported captured Africans _____ the _____ to the Americas (side2)
d. Europeans bought ______, coffee, and ______ to sell back to _________ (side 3)
e. The voyage that brought captured Africans across the ocean was called the
_________ ____________
f. Millions _________ on these voyages
g. Africans were _________ and _______ aboard the ships
h. Surrounded by ___________, _________, and human _________ on the voyages
i. Roughly ______% perished on the voyages
5. Slavery in the Americas
a. _______________ as property upon arrival to Americas
b. Families were _______ ___ and sold to different buyers
c. Worked in ______ or _______ or as domestic servants
d. Were given little _____ and lived in small dreary ______
e. Forced to work ___________ and suffered __________
f. Was a ____________ condition and was ______________ as well
g. Africans used _________ and __________ of their ancestors as modes of survival
h. Found ways to resist
i. Broke __________
ii. Worked __________
iii. _______ _________ (dangerous)
iv. __________ and _________ did occur
6. Consequences of the Slave Trade
a. Numerous cultures lost generations of their_________________
b. African families ________ apart
c. Introduced ________ to the African continent
d. Labor contributed greatly to ____________ ___________ of the Americas
e. Brought __________________ to the Americas (art, music, religion, and food)
f. Large African American ____________ in the Americas today
g. __________ ___________ due to forced population
TEXT ASSIGNMENT – QUIZ GRADE (388-393)
*You will need to read the information thoroughly to get your answers. Some of the answers may
not be obvious. You will need to critically think about the questions and answers.
Directions: Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
A. European colonial __________________ helped produce a great increase in European trade, and
this growth was a key step in the development of a world __________________.
B. According to the theory of __________________ , which dominated economic thought in the
seventeenth century, the __________________ of a nation depends on a large supply of gold and
silver.
C. When the balance of trade between what a nation __________________ and what it exports is
favorable, the goods exported are of __________________ value than those imported.
D. Colonies were important as sources of raw materials and as __________________ for exports of
manufactured goods.
E. The exchange of __________________ and animals between Europe and __________________
significantly changed economic activity in both regions.
F. New food crops supported the growth of __________________ and changed people’s tastes.
G. The __________________ dominated the spice trade in the __________________ century.
H. In the seventeenth century, the _________________ and the __________________ established
trading posts and forts in India.
I. Plantations that were established in the Americas in the __________________ to grow
__________________ and it needed many laborers.
J. As many as __________________ million enslaved Africans were brought to the Americas between
the early 1500s and the late 1800s, as a result of the ___________________ trade.
The Age of Exploration
K. Europeans first bought enslaved people from __________________ merchants in return for gold
and other goods.
L. Until the __________________ condemned it in the 1770s, slavery remained largely acceptable in
Europe.
Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below.
How did European expansion create the first global economic system?
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The Age of Exploration: The Spanish Empire Weakens
1. Setting the Stage: Charles V
a. ____________ King, Charles V, inherited ___________, Spain’s American
colonies, parts of __________, lands in ___________ and the Netherlands.
b. Was elected ___________________________ and ruled much of Germany as well
c. Devout ____________ who sparred with Martin Luther but eventually signed the
_______________________ which allowed _____________ to have their beliefs
d. Following Peace of Augsburg, he _____________ up his territory and retired to a
monastery
i. Brother _______________ got __________ and the Holy Roman Empire
ii. Son _________ inherited _________, Spanish Netherlands, and American
________________
2. A Powerful Spanish Empire
a. Philip II
i. Deeply ______________ (____________) and hard working
ii. Was very _______________ of most people and did not trust for long
iii. When _____________ king died without an heir, Philip seized the kingdom
for Spain which included strongholds in _______, India, and the ________
iv. Spain’s land brought in tons of wealth: ____________ --> wealth = _______
v. Each shipload of treasure brought in was required to give king between ____
and ____ of cargo which allowed Spain to have army of over 50,000 soldiers
vi. Philip was a ____________ of Catholicism
vii. Created the __________ __________ in 1588
1. Huge Catholic fleet of __________ ___________
2. Plan was to ________ _________ ________ under Queen Elizabeth I
3. Fleet was defeated by English tactics and by ____________
Result: Spain was seriously _________ by defeat of Spanish Armada but still had great
_________ that would give Spain strength for a short while longer.
3. The Spanish Empire Weakens
a. Spain’s empire would fall apart for 4 main reasons:
i. Inflation: ___________________________
1. Caused by a rise in ______________, thus, a rise in demand for goods
allowed merchants to _________________.
ii. Taxes:
1. Spain had expelled the _______ and ________ who were valuable
artisans and business people (meant less was collected in_______)
2. Spain’s nobles didn’t have to ______ _________
fell to _______ classes, which meant they stayed ______.
Result: Spain never developed a ___________ class.
iii. Poor spending choices
1. Spanish _________ and _____________ goods were more expensive
than those made elsewhere
2. Spaniards purchased goods from _________, England, ____________
3. To pay for ________, Spanish kings ___________ from German and
Italian bankers
Result: Spanish wealth was not _____________ within Spain, which allowed Spain’s
neighbors to __________. Most gold and silver that came in was shipped off to Germany
and Italy to repay __________. Spain’s economy is _____________.
iv. Dutch Revolt
1. The Dutch revolt in Spanish controlled ________________
2. Dutch were ____________ (Protestants) and Spain was ___________
3. Philip raised ______ and sent troops in. Executed 1500 __________.
4. Dutch and Spanish fight for another ____ years and in 1579 the Dutch
declare their _________________
Result: At the end of the Age of Exploration, the Spanish Empire was ____ __________
leading the way, however with their downfall, countries like __________ ___________
would be able to rise up and become the world’s _______________ leader.
VOCABULARY
Treaty of Tordesillas:
Dutch East India Company:
Colony:
Conquistador:
Mestizo:
Encomienda:
Pilgrims:
Puritans:
New Netherlands:
Jamestown:
New France:
Atlantic Slave Trade:
Triangle Trade:
Middle Passage:
Columbian Exchange:
Capitalism:
Mercantilism:
Joint-Stock Company: