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Global Patterns of Disease
IB Geography II
Annual Incidence Report
Analysis
• Study table and come up with the top 3
diseases of poverty and top 3 diseases of
affluence.
In elbow partners, discuss the
following question:
– To what extent do you believe disease is a
consequence or a cause of poverty?
In elbow partners, discuss the
following question:
– How can we define poverty on the global scale and
apply a common term when geographical diversity is
so great? (Example- to be poor in an LEDC is so
different from being poor in an MEDC)
In elbow partners, discuss the
following question:
– Is poverty always an “undesirable” state? Why? Why
not?
In elbow partners, discuss the
following question:
• How can we understand extreme poverty (like that of
LEDCs) if we have no personal experience of it?
Objective
• By the end of this lesson, students will be
able to:
– explain the global distribution of diseases of
poverty.
– explain the global distribution of diseases of
affluence.
– These objectives are also very possible exam
questions! 
Starting Activity:
• Look at the 2 maps. Without knowing what
they show, do you think there is there is a
relationship between them? Why/Why
not?
Map1:
Malnourishment
Map 2:
Childhood
Diarrheal
Disease
Do you think there is a link between
these 2 indicators? What is it?
Discuss in Elbow Partners
Key Terms:
Prevalence
Incidence
Communicable
Diseases
NonCommunicable
Vectors
The number of cases per 10,000
population
The number of confirmed cases
annually
Infectious diseases
Non-infectious, degenerative
Transmitters of disease, ex:
insects
Don’t Forget About Epidemiological
Transition
Global Distribution of Diseases
• The chance of an individual succumbing to
disease is affected by a range of factors
(Many, which are affected by social
inequality), including:
– where they live
– their age
– their social circumstances
– their lifestyle
– environmental factors.
Infectious or Communicable
Diseases (Diseases of Poverty)
• These diseases maybe be contagious and
transmitted through close human contact
or by vectors.
• They spread rapidly in the overcrowded
and unsanitary conditions associated with
poverty.
• Common examples: malaria, HIV/AIDS,
diarrheal disease
Diarrheal Disease… What is it?
• Diarrhea that last several days, and can
leave the body without the water and salts
that are necessary for survival. Most
people who die from diarrhea actually die
from severe dehydration and fluid loss.
Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates
from Diarrheal diseases by country (per 100,000
inhabitants) - 2004.
Facts on Diarrheal Disease from
the World Health Organization
• Diarrheal disease is the second leading
cause of death in children under five years
old.
• It is both preventable and treatable.
• Can be prevented through safe drinkingwater and adequate sanitation and
hygiene.
Diarrhea Deaths
What is HIV/AIDS?
• HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
• It is a disease which reduces the ability of
the body to fight off other diseases. It
reduces the efficiency of the body’s
immune system.
HIV/AIDS Deaths
Malaria… What is it?
• Malaria is a parasitic disease that involves
high fevers, shaking chills, flu-like
symptoms, and anemia.
Malaria Deaths
Part 2: Diseases of Affluence
Non-Communicable Diseases
(Diseases of Affluence)
•
•
•
•
Obesity
Diabetes
Alcohol abuse
Impacts of Tobacco use
Obesity
• What is Obesity?
• Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index
that is commonly used to classify
overweight and obesity in adults. It is
defined as a person's weight divided by
height.
• Obesity is defined as a value over 30
• A person is overweight if their BMI is over
25
Obesity
• Obesity is generally considered to be a disease
of the wealthy, although ironically in the richest
countries it is often young people living in the
less well-off families who are more likely to be
overweight
• This is often related to diet, and the lack of
exercise which some people attribute to the
growth in sedentary lifestyles
• It is also cheaper to feed a child with unhealthy
food than it is with healthy food.
Obesity
• Key facts
• Worldwide, obesity has more than doubled since
1980.
• In 2008, more than 1.4 billion adults, 20 and
older were overweight.
• 65% of the world’s population live in countries
where there are more overweight people than
underweight people.
• Obesity is preventable.
OECD- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Diabetes
• Diabetes affects the body’s metabolism,
and involves a problem with a hormone
called insulin.
• It is a disease which can be partly
managed by being careful with blood
sugar monitoring and medication.
• The risk of developing type 2 diabetes can
be dramatically reduced by keeping body
weight below that of obesity, and avoiding
particular types of food.
• 200 million people worldwide suffer from it.
Diabetes Deaths
Alcohol Abuse
• The harmful use of alcohol results in 2.5
million deaths each year.
• 320,000 young people between the age of
15 and 29 die from alcohol-related causes
per year, resulting in 9% of all deaths in
that age group.
• Alcohol is associated with many serious
social and developmental issues, including
violence, child neglect and abuse, and
absenteeism in the workplace.
Tobacco Use
• As with the earlier example of obesity,
we need to be careful to avoid saying
that this is more likely to be associated
with high income.
• Cigarette advertising is now closely
controlled in many countries, and there
are age restrictions on the purchasing
of cigarettes.
Smoking
• In 2009, smoking among men was highest in the
Western Pacific Region, with 51% of men aged 15 and
above smoking some form of tobacco.
• Smoking among women was highest in the European
Region at 22%.
• In all WHO regions except Europe, girls aged 13–15
years old are using tobacco at higher rates than women
aged 15 and older.
• This could be a reflection of aggressive tobacco industry
marketing to girls, particularly in lower- and middleincome countries.
• The high rates among girls is very concerning as these
data suggest potential substantial increases for women
in the near future.
• The rates at which adolescent boys use tobacco average
around 18% globally.